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Displaying items 48,421 to 48,440 of 58,923
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  1. Mala S. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Mala S., who was born in Krako?w, Poland. She recalls her family's affluence; pervasive antisemitism; summer vacations in the country; returning to Krako?w in 1939 on the last train prior to German invasion; anti-Jewish regulations; confiscation of her father's business; ghettoization; forced labor clearing snow from streets, then in a brick factory; her parents' and sister's deportation in June 1942 (she never saw them again); remaining with her brother; shooting of the old age home residents, including her grandmother; transfer to P?aszo?w; public hangings and beati...

  2. Malka O. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Malka O., who was born in Poland in 1925, the youngest of four children. She recounts her father emigrating to Argentina in 1930; her brother's enlistment in the Polish military in 1938; German invasion in 1939; her sister's emigration to Argentina; hiding with a group of people one night during a round-up; finding her mother gone when she returned; staying with her brother-in-law's friends; leaving after an attack by Poles; her brother-in-law returning months later; living with him and his uncle; round-up for slave labor in a factory in Staszów; ghettoization; separ...

  3. Barbara T. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Barbara T., who was born in Sighet, Romania in 1925. Mrs. T. discusses Sighet; ethnic rivalries; Jewish life; Hungarian occupation in 1940; attending school in Kolozsva?r (Cluj); and Zionist activities. She describes the failure of Jewish leaders to inform the community of the fate of Polish Jewry; her three brothers' conscription into Hungarian labor battalions; German occupation; a last Passover seder; her father's arrest as a hostage, with others, to ensure compliance with German orders; humiliating body searches by Hungarian gendarmes; and deportation. Mrs. T. rec...

  4. Elliot L. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Elliot L., who was born in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1925. He recalls moving to Paris with his family in 1928; returning to Sofia in 1937; enactment of anti-Jewish laws; expulsion of Jews from Sofia; relocating with his family to Ki?u?stendil; continuing to attend school; preparing for deportation which never occurred; and liberation by Soviet troops in September 1944. Mr. L. recounts studying engineering in Sofia; affiliation with Zionist organizations; an illegal attempt to emigrate to Palestine in 1947; incarceration in Cyprus when the ship was intercepted by the British;...

  5. Sarah M. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Sarah M., who was born in Je?drzejo?w, Poland in 1928. She recalls her family's focus on education; antisemitic harassment in public school; friendship with a non-Jew; her father's military draft in 1939; German invasion; her father's return in 1940 (he had been a POW); leaving family possessions with her non-Jewish friend when they were ghettoized (she returned them after the war); deportations, including her father; receiving letters from him (she never saw him again); her mother arranging her treatment for appendicitis in the non-Jewish hospital; deportation of the...

  6. Ruth L. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Ruth L., who was born in Heidelberg, Germany, in 1910. She describes her family background, including her Jewish maternal grandfather, which made her "37.5% Jewish" to the Nazis; her Protestant upbringing; her father's dismissal from the University of Heidelberg and jailing in 1933 for anti-Nazi sympathies; his refusal to flee Germany after his release; and her departure for Stockholm to continue medical studies after her uncle and a pro-Nazi friend advised her to leave. She recounts living in Sweden; completing medical school in Basel, Switzerland; accepting a positi...

  7. Yosef D. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Yosef D., who was born in Vel'ký Meder, Czechoslovakia (presently Slovakia) in 1923, one of four children. He recounts his father's service as a Hungarian officer; attending local public school, then gymnasium in Bratislava; Hungarian occupation; one sister's emigration to Palestine in 1939; studying at a technical school in Vitkovice; returning home; working for an uncle in Pápa until his business was forced to close; participating in Hashomer Hatzair; returning home; obtaining work in a factory in Budapest through Hashomer; his non-Jewish landlord warning him of a...

  8. Mickal E. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Mickal E., who was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia (presently Czech Republic) in 1926, the younger of two children. She recounts her family's assimilated lifestyle; attending a Czech school; cordial relations with non-Jews; participating in a Zionist youth group; expulsion from school in March 1939 due to German occupation; confiscation of the family's business; moving in with her grandparents; her father's deportation for forced labor, her mother leaving to earn money in Prague, and her brother moving to a hachshara; forming a subgroup with four other girls within th...

  9. Viera B. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Viera B., who was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (presently Slovakia) in 1935. She recounts growing up in Trenčianské Teplice, where her father was a physician in a spa; her brother's birth in March 1939, the same day as Slovak independence; anti-Jewish laws including a prohibition on her father practicing medicine and confiscation of their apartment; converting to Christianity, hoping to save themselves; her father's deportation (she never saw him again); her mother's hospitalization, then deportation in October 1942 (she did not return); living with her grandm...

  10. Celia D. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Celia D., who was born in P?ock, Poland. She recalls her affluent childhood; withdrawing from school due to antisemitic harassment; German invasion in September 1939; fleeing with her brother to Ga?bin; returning home; ghettoization; receiving food from non-Jewish friends; forced labor; fleeing with her father and brother to Warsaw; her father's death from cancer; returning home with her brother in spring 1940; a round-up including two younger brothers; deportation with her mother and other siblings to Soldau-Dzia?dowo in winter 1941; transport to Stopnica ten days la...

  11. Georg P. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Georg P., who was born in Rakovni?k, Czechoslovakia in 1921. He recounts attending high school; visiting Prague frequently; his family's desire to leave after the Munich agreement; arranging to attend New York University with assistance from his uncle in New York; obtaining a visa from German authorities in Prague in September 1939; emigration to the United States; and corresponding with his family until the United States entered the war in 1941. Mr. P. discusses learning from a cousin that his parents and sisters were killed in Auschwitz; receiving his sister's diary...

  12. Alzbeta D. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Alzbeta D., a Romani, who was born in Dlhé nad Cirochou, Czechoslovakia in 1929, one of nine children. She recounts her father was a blacksmith; cordial relations with Jews; deportation of all the Romanies in town to Dubnica nad Váhom; harsh conditions; a guard who had known her relatives warning her not to reveal when they were sick since the sick were killed; warning everyone else; shootings and beatings by Hlinka guards; punishment of a man in February who had to strip and jump into a cesspool (he died); liberation by Soviet troops in winter; fleeing through the ...

  13. Israel K. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Israel K., who was born in Piotrko?w Trybunalski, Poland in 1923, one of seven children. He recalls attending Jewish schools; his family's orthodoxy; German invasion in September 1939; his father fleeing when the Germans wanted him to head the Jewish Council; ghettoization in October; forced labor; trading outside the ghetto using false papers; his father's return; a brother and brother's wife being shot in May 1942; hiding in a bunker with his parents and sister during the ghetto's liquidation; leaving the bunker with his sister (he never saw his parents again); slav...

  14. Abe L. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Abe L., who was born in a small town near Vilna, Poland in 1925. He recalls poverty in the shtetl; attending Yeshiva for one year; prohibitions against Jewish land ownership in the late 1930s; schooling from 1939-1941 under Soviet occupation; arrival of German troops in July 1941; immediate killing of Jews; imposition of forced labor; round-ups of Jews from surrounding areas; living in ghettos in Kozyany and Szarkowzczyzna; and mass killings (including two nephews), carried out by local Lithuanians and White Russians, beginning in spring 1942. He describes the formati...

  15. Fred O. edited testimony

    Fred O., a physician, recalls the health problems resulting from pervasive lice in the Warsaw and Hrubieszów ghettos. He describes his futile attempt to save his parents and the last time he saw them before their murder at a mass grave outside of Hrubieszów, then discusses his sadness at liberation, and others taking revenge on their guards. Dr. O. reflects upon the inadequacy of language to convey his experience to others.

  16. Rolf W. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Rolf W., who was born in Berlin, Germany in 1912. He recounts his assimilated family's affluence; his parents' divorce; attending gymnasium; business training in Breslau, Du?sseldorf, Berlin, and Bremen; termination because he was Jewish; working in his father's business in Auerbach; his father's death in 1934; economic and social problems resulting from the Nuremberg laws; returning to Berlin; a warning about Kristallnacht; hiding with his brother's friend; obtaining immigration papers for San Salvador from his half-brother who was there; his brother's emigration to ...

  17. Eugene F. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Eugene F., who was born in Leles, Czechoslovakia (presently Slovakia) in 1925, one of five children. He recounts his family's orthodoxy; his father's death in 1929; completing high school; learning tailoring; Hungarian occupation in 1940; deportation to Sa?toraljau?jhely ghetto in March 1944, then to Auschwitz/Birkenau; separation from his mother and aunt (they were gassed immediately); transfer to Buna/Monowitz with his younger brother; slave labor for I.G. Farben; receiving extra food from a kapo; sharing food with his brother; public hangings of escapees and a few ...

  18. Henry E. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Henry E., who was born in 1919 in Krako?w, Poland, the youngest of three children. He recounts attending cheder; his father's death when he was nine; attending public school, then a Jewish high school; participating in a Zionist youth group; increasing antisemitism; German invasion; fleeing briefly to Lublin; returning home; ghettoization; forced labor; a Pole hiding his mother during a selection; learning his brother and his children had been killed while in hiding; his sister's deportation with her children (he never saw them again); his mother's deportation; his de...

  19. Sophie B. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Sophie B., who was born in Krako?w, Poland in 1924. She recalls growing up in Tarnobrzeg; German occupation; fleeing with her family to Radomys?l, then Mielec; carrying wood and digging ditches in 1941; forced transfer with her parents and sister by cattle car to Mie?dzyrzecz in March 1942; obtaining an outside job with her sister; visiting her parents; sharing food with her father; learning of the massacres of Jews in Mie?dzyrzecz; being hidden with her sister by a Polish civil officer; fleeing to Warsaw, posing as non-Jews; briefly meeting her brother in Radomys?l (...

  20. Bernard S. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Bernard S., who was born in Sofiïvka, Poland (presently Ukraine) in 1928, one of six children. He recalls Soviet occupation in 1939; German invasion in June 1941; a mass killing including his father; stealing food for his family; fleeing with others when they saw trucks entering the village; learning there had been a mass killing including his family; hiding in the forest; receiving food from his former Polish employer; returning to his town after a month; escaping to the forest with a woman and her children; building a bunker; moving often; obtaining food from Polis...