Buchenwald Aussenkommando slave labor camp scrip, value 1 Reichsmark, received by a Polish Jewish inmate

Julius Gingold was born on February 22, 1901, in Sinkow, Poland, to a Jewish couple, Jakob and Lota Kaufmann. He had one sister, Regina, and one brother. He spoke Polish and German. Julius attended gymnasium. He later received two degrees and worked as a banking officer. He also worked as a metal worker. His mother died in 1929 and his father died in 1934. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Julius was living in Krakow when he was deported to Bronowice. There, he met Regina Huppert, who had been deported from Krzeszowice. In March 1941, Julius, Regina, her parents, and her siblings were forced to move to the Jewish ghetto in Krakow. After part of the ghetto was closed, Julius, his sister, his brother-in-law, and his nephew stayed with Regina’s family in one room. In March 1943, the Germans decided to liquidate the ghetto. Julius, Regina, now his fiance, and her family were deported to Płaszów concentration camp. On October 15, 1944, Julius was deported with Regina’s brother, Simon, to Gross-Rosen concentration camp and then, on November 4, to Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany. On November 17, they were transported to Sonneberg-West, a labor subcamp of Buchenwald. The camp was liberated by the United States Army in May 1945. Julius and Simon were transferred to Hof an der Saale displaced persons camp. Julius found out that Regina had survived multiple concentration camps and asked her to join him in Hof an der Saale. They married in March 1946, and had a son, Jack, in 1947. In October 1948, they were transferred to Bamberg displaced persons camp, where Julius worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and Regina worked for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC). She wanted to go to Israel, but Simon and Julius’ brother and his sister already had emigrated to the United States. They received US immigration papers through his brother and the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). They sailed from Bremen to Boston on July 9, 1949, on the USAT General Eltinge. They settled in New York. Regina’s parents and many of her siblings were killed during the Holocaust. Her remaining siblings emigrated to the US. Julius died, age 63, in 1964. Regina died, age 95, on August 9, 2009.

Regina Huppert was born on April 14, 1914, in Krzeszowice, Poland, to Ignacy and Rozalia Bester Huppert. Ignacy was born in 1880 in Krzeszowice to Karoline Huppert. Rozalia was born in 1885 in Bronowice. Regina had five brothers: Bernard, born on May 14, 1907, Simon, born in 1908, Leszek, born on August 14, 1912, Ginek, born in 1916, and Martin, born on March 7, 1918, and three sisters: Franja, born on February 15, 1906, Erna, born in 1914, and Karolina, born on January 1, 1922. Her father had a small factory where he manufactured paper bags for cement. They were a traditional Jewish family, and attended synagogue and observed the high holidays. They were not affluent, but Regina’s parents used what money they had to educate their children. Regina attended an elementary school with Jewish and non-Jewish students then went to an academy in Krakow. At age 14, she became involved with the Akiva Zionist youth movement where she studied and taught Hebrew. After completing school, Regina worked at an insurance company in Krakow then a factory in Krzeszowice. Leszek attended the university in Krakow. The non-Jewish students frequently bullied and pushed him out of his seat. Martin applied to medical school, but he was not accepted because he was Jewish. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. The Germans beat Regina’s brother-in-law and other men from the synagogue, and forced her to clean the palace. Regina, her parents, and her siblings, except Martin who had moved to Russia, were deported by horse and carriage to Bronowice, where they stayed with people who knew her mother. There, she met Julius Gingold, who had been deported from Sinkow. In March 1941, Regina’s family and Julius were forced to move to the Jewish ghetto in Krakow. Her family lived in one room. After part of the ghetto was closed, Julius, his sister, his brother-in-law, and his nephew stayed with them. One day, the Germans came to pick her father up for a transport. He was not home, so they sent Bernard to Bulowice (?) instead. He returned three days later after escaping the cattle car by breaking the iron gate on the window. Regina saw a newspaper announcement for a secretarial position in Kielce that required knowledge of German, which she knew from visiting her family in Teschen. She obtained false papers from Jewish friends and assumed the identity Maria Novak. One night, she took off her armband and went by train to Kielce. She was hired by the office manager and given a room. Regina pretended to attend church on Sundays. She regularly spoke to Erna who now was working in Tarnow. But two days before Christmas, she called and was told that Erna was no longer there. Regina feared her manager suspected she was Jewish, so she decided to return to the Krakow ghetto with the help of a mill owner from Krzeszowice she had met. After returning, Regina was assigned to clean the streets. In March 1943, the Germans decided to liquidate the ghetto. Regina, her parents, her siblings, and Julius, now her fiance, were deported to Płaszów concentration camp. Upon arrival, the camp commandant asked for someone who knew German to work in the office. Regina was the only person who volunteered. The next day, she watched as her father was taken to the hill to dig a hole and then executed. Her brother-in-law was shot and killed. Bernard was beaten and had cold water poured on him. Regina was selected to be shot once, but a German Jewish woman with whom she had shared bread begged for her to be removed from the selection. In May 1944, Regina’s mother was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. In October, Regina, Franja, and Karolina were sent there. Upon arrival, Dr. Josef Mengele selected them for forced labor. They had little clothing and only wooden shoes. Food was scarce, and rats ate the bread they had. They found out that Erna had been deported to Auschwitz and killed in 1943 because she had typhus. They soon were sent by cattle car to Lichtewerden, a subcamp of Auschwitz-Monowitz, in Czechoslovakia, where they worked in a cotton factory with 300 women. In May 1945, the camp was liberated by the Soviet Army. The troops gave them food. The women barricaded their barracks at night to keep the troops from sexually assaulting them. Regina and her sisters started to walk to Krakow, but they were stopped at the border when the Russians suspected they were German spies. They eventually arrived in Krakow. They found Leszek and moved into his apartment. Regina found out that Bernard was ill with typhus in Theresienstadt labor camp. She went to nurse him, but he died in July. Her fiance, Julius, who had survived the camps with her brother, Simon, found out that she was alive and asked her to join him in Hof an der Saale displaced persons camp in Germany. They married in March 1946, and had a son, Jack, in 1947. In October 1948, they were transferred to Bamberg displaced persons camp, where Julius worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and Regina worked for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC). She wanted to go to Israel, but Simon and Julius’ brother and his sister already had emigrated to the United States. They received US immigration papers through Julius’ brother and the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). They sailed from Bremen to Boston on July 9, 1949, on the USAT General Eltinge. They settled in New York. Regina found out that her mother was sent to the gas chamber in Auschwitz. Her brother, Ginek, was killed in Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria in 1945. Regina’s remaining siblings emigrated to the US. Julius died, age 63, in 1964. Regina died, age 95, on August 9, 2009.

The scrip was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2005 by Regina Gingold, the wife of Julius Gingold.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Regina Gingold

Funding Note: The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.