United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001548
• English
• 1940
• Updated 1 year ago

CU, pushing down tank barrier. MCU, armored vehicle passing through gate crossing bridge. CU, pan bridge with dead Allied troops. CU, attending wounded. CU, German troops loading motor tackle into boat, destroyed bridge in BG. MCU, paddling rubber boat, Allied troops disembarking from rubber boat going up bank on side of river. CU, prisoners marching down street of town. CU, Panzer division on move through Luxembourg, barbed wire entanglement in FG. CU, bicycle troops hide in ditch on side of road. CU, German troops crossing river on foot bridge. CU, German troops jump, board rubber boat, c...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001549
• English
• 1940
• Updated 1 year ago

Spooling film animation. Title in Dutch? combined with UFA logo lower right. German narration. CU, map of Germany and surrounding territory, names in German. CU, map of Holland and Belgium showing animated pointer from England, animated Maginot Line, and defenses on German border. MCU, German Junker transport taking off. CU, engine of aircraft in flight, pan of Dutch countryside. AV, vertical shot of countryside with trees and farmland. MCU, paratrooper jumping from plane. CU, supplies thrown from plane. Parachutes with supplies landing in city. MCU, German troops running into streets getti...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001550
• English
• 1940
• Updated 1 year ago

Tank crossing river. MCU, workmen building bridge. MCU, horse-drawn wagon driven by German soldiers. German soldiers on bicycles, motorcycles, scooters, side cars. Tanks fording small stream. Truck hauling large German mortar. German aircraft in flight. City below. Pilot of German aircraft, taken from nose of plane. City smoking. Wreckage around railroad yard. German soldier firing machine gun, digging foxhole, firing into city streets, talking in street. Street is ablaze. Bullet in hand of soldier. Pan, burning building, city. German trucks moving through wrecked city. Inspecting destroyed...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001551
• English
• 1940
• Updated 1 year ago

MCU, LS, German soldiers crossing field, mounting machine gun by fox hole, crossing small pontoon bridge, fighting in streets of city. Buildings burning, wrecked guns and tanks in streets. Pan across destroy city in Belgium as the narrator announces that the Beligan king has capitulated. Various scenes of surrender: German and Belgian high-ranking officers (including Field Marshal von Manstein?) talking. Belgian officer signing document. Automobile carrying large white flag. Camera on car showing columns of soldiers on side of highway. German and Belgian officers on steps of building. Belgi...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001552
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Surrendered German soldiers are issued PG coats; PG is painted on by a French officer. CU, statue of Joan of Arc, German troops marching in front. German troops marching down street; dead horses and ruined carts cover street. German troops marching, on carts and motor vehicles. Civilians welcoming German troops, shaking hands with German officers. POWs marching down street. German prison camp. CU, various nationalities of POWs, some African, some Russian. Two POWs eating food from bowl, dancing, faces are tattooed, from North Africa. German troops marching into a town. Horse-drawn vehicles ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001553
• English
• 1939
• Updated 1 year ago

MCU, Polish war posters. CU, Polish officers leaving building. HAS, captured Polish soldiers. HAS, German soldiers marching through streets of Poland, Polish citizens in BG. MS, German color guards and German band. MCU, Hitler. MS, German color guard goose-stepping. MS, massed troops marching down the street, being reviewed by Hitler. HA, MLS, troops as they pass the reviewing stand. CU, Hitler saluting Sieg Heil. MCU, bell ringing.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001554
• English
• 1940
• Updated 1 year ago

CU, vehicle passing though wrecked town around bomb craters; destroyed buildings in BG. CU, German soldier driving pigs into barnyard. German troops marching through French village, in open country. Farmers cutting hay with scythes. German soldier feeding hay to horses. Soldier leaning against horse, sleeping. CU, German troops sleeping alongside road, in trucks and motorcycles. CU, plates being filled with food from large copper kettle. CU, tanks passing through large concentration of artillery guns. Shot of trees and forest showing truck hauling section of pontoon bridge onto trailer. Cou...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001555
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 25. Witness Yitzhak Zuckerman discusses Jewish hope to immigrate to Palestine during 1940: "Some people managed to reach Palestine...Some were caught and returned... and were murdered on Polish soil." He also describes the efforts of the Jewish underground in Warsaw. Attorney General Gideon Hausner questions Zuckerman about his fake Aryan papers, as well as his impressions of Nazi-occupied Poland. Zuckerman replies: "Degredation, depression, helplessness..." Court is out of session after a blip at 00:06:30; the audience enters, and the camera focuses on the Israeli Police Officers a...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001556
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Sessions 25 and 26. Eichmann sitting in his booth. The Judges open Session 25 and present Decision 14. This decision notes the appeal of witness interrogation abroad as certain witnesses would be arrested under the Nazi Collaborators Punishment Law of 1950, should they appear in Israel. Presiding Judge, Moshe Landau refers to Decision 11, which states that foreign courts may acquire testimony from restricted witnesses for the purpose of the Eichmann trial. There is a blip at 00:07:08. Hausner questions Zivia Lubetkin Zuckerman, a resistance fighter in the Warsaw Ghetto about the conditions ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001557
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 26. Witness Adolph Avraham Berman testifies. Dr. Berman talks about the numbers of children in Warsaw. The Judges ask him questions. He says that there was help for Jews from the Polish underground, especially for the children. He says that Jewish children were smuggled into the Aryan section of Warsaw, and then lists the Polish underground organizations, including Janusz Korczak, that helped. He says that they worked to get the news out of what was happening. 00:08:30 Dr. Berman finishes, and the Judges call Dr. Duvdevani. He discusses the search for a cache of items stashed in the...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001558
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 27. Witness Abba Kovner, Vilna Ghetto leader. Kovner was commander of the partisan underground organization, founder of the "Bricha" (escape), poet and writer, and activist in Israel's cultural and public life. Abba Kovner is standing in front of microphones, testifying to the court. He is midsentence when the tape begins. He talks of the various efforts to inform the world and the other ghettos of the purpose of their ghetto. He is stopped before he discusses too much. 00:02:01 The court asks him about a German non-commissioned officer named Anton Schmid. Kovner responds that he wa...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001559
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Sessions 27 and 28. Witness Frieda Masia, a leader in the Zionist youth movement and member of the Jewish underground, recounts an incident in which Harry Blumerfracht, a member of the Zionist youth movement attempted to steal weapons from a German plant-owner. The plan failed, and Masia states: "...they took hold of Harry and arrested him. Harry was tortured in a horrible way." There is a blip at 00:03:50. Witness Dr. Meir Mark Dworzecki, survivor of Vilna Ghetto and five Estonian concentration camps, discusses 'malines' [hiding places] in the Vilna Ghetto. He states: "... an underground t...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001560
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 29. The Court assesses the relevancy of Gustav Noske's testimony in Trial 9 in Nuremberg [T/307]. Defense Attorney Dr. Robert Servatius expresses his desire to examine Noske, should Noske be alive. The Court continues to discuss the significance of Noske testimony, and the issue is put aside for further consideration. Attorney General Gideon Hausner calls witness Avraham Aviel, a Radun ghetto survivor to the stand. Aviel describes the conditions in the Radun ghetto in Poland. He discusses his experiences with Jewish deaths: "...this was the first time I had seen so much blood that h...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001561
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 29. Court is adjourned. There are shots of the audience, frontals of the courtroom, and a conversation between Defense Attorney Dr. Robert Servatius and Adolf Eichmann. Following a blip at 00:05:21, excerpts from Tape 2040 with witness Avraham Aviel are repeated. He discusses the liquidation of the Radun ghetto, and his escape to the group of Jewish men being used for labor. After joining the second group, Aviel recounts the death of his mother and younger brother: "Only afterward did I learn that I had been the only one who somehow managed to escape from that situation." Aviel disc...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001562
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 34. Tape begins with Dr. Joseph Melkman (Michman) being sworn in as a witness for the Prosecution. He was born in Holland and immigrated to Israel. He was the director of Yad Vashem. 00:03:17 Tape jumps. Dr. Melkman is testifying, being asked about a man who helped organize the Judenrat in Holland because the Jews did not know how to deal with the Germans. Edelstein's status is discussed. He describes that at first, many Jews wore the yellow stars with pride; that they were not ashamed to be Jewish, and many Christians supported them in protesting the act. 00:08:21 Tape jumps. Dr. M...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001563
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 36. Ms. Henriette Samuel is brought up and sworn in. She was born in Berlin, but her husband was appointed as chief Rabbi in Norway, so they moved there in 1930. 00:03:38 Tape jumps. Ms. Samuel describes a surprise action at 5am where the women and children were taken from their home and deported. She describes the Norwegian government warning the Jews that danger was coming and they must flee. Many made their way to Sweden with the help of the underground. She describes hiding in a house for only one day because they had children and it was possible that they would tell their frien...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001564
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 38. Modechai Ansbacher is testifying for the Prosecution, answering questions about witnessing the deportation of many children, he was one of them. He was in Belgium until the German occupation. He was sent to Calais by the Belgian government, and attempted to escape to England, but they could not. The Blitzkrieg had caught up with them. They were sent to a small concentration camp in Calais until the Belgium Red Cross sent them back to Brussels. 00:04:50 Tape jumps. Ansbacher is discussing the work he did, and says that he was involved in a clandestine school. He says that everyth...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001565
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Sessions 39 and 40. Attorney General Hausner, citing that a certain witness could not make it for that day, breaks the current narrative to call Justice Michael Musmanno, a judge at the Nuremberg trials who was responsible for interrogating Nazi leaders, as a witness. Dr. Servatius objects and argues that he has already made judgments and would only present hearsay evidence to the case. 00:08:51 Tape jumps. Hausner is arguing that the cases of Musmanno do not affect this case. He says that since none of Eichmann's superiors are around, nor anybody directly related to this case, he must obta...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001566
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 41. Dr. Servatius complains that the numerous witnesses from abroad fall within various courts, and that it would take too much time to attain all of these witnesses, their affidavits, and their testimony. They list the witnesses whose addresses they do not yet have. That court will make the request to the German courts, and Dr. Servatius says that his assistant will attempt to do just that. Attorney General Hausner requests that the Defense be instructed to supply the names of all of the witnesses to be questioned, as it is becoming global. The Judges agree. Dr. Servatius says that...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn1001567
• English
• Updated 1 year ago

Session 86. Eichmann says that he was in charge of organizing things insofar as he would write down the decisions made by his superiors. At the beginning, he says, he wrote down orders and passed them along to the Ministry of the Interior or other departments. He talks about his typist having nothing to do because of this, and he will return to this topic later. 00:14:38 Session 81. Dr. Servatius is submitting a document concerning visits to camps. Eichmann talks about visits from the Head Office of Reich Security happening whenever there were issues that could affect the entire Reich. Ther...