First film documentary of the events of D-day
Creator(s)
- George C. Stevens (Collector)
- Library of Congress - Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division (MBRS)
- Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Branch (Producer)
- Frederick A. Spencer Jr. (Producer)
- John Ford (Executive Producer)
- Supreme Headquarter Allied Expeditionary Forces (SHAEF) (Producer)
Biographical History
George Stevens (December 18, 1904 – March 8, 1975) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer. During World War II, Stevens joined the U.S. Army Signal Corps and headed a film unit from 1943 to 1946 under General Eisenhower. His unit shot footage documenting D-Day — including the only Allied European Front color film of the war — the liberation of Paris and the meeting of American and Soviet forces at the Elbe River, as well as horrific scenes from the Duben labor camp and the Dachau concentration camp. Stevens also helped prepare the Duben and Dachau footage and other material for presentation during the Nuremberg Trials. In 2008, his footage was entered into the U.S. National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress as an "essential visual record" of World War II.
John Ford was an iconic American film director, best known for his westerns. Because of their popularity and the skill he brought to their creation, Ford's films had a powerful influence on Americans’ conception of their own history and values. During World War II, Ford served as head of the photographic unit for the Office of Strategic Services and made documentaries for the Navy Department. He was commissioned as a commander in the United States Navy Reserve. He won two Academy Awards during this time, one for the semi-documentary "The Battle of Midway" (1942), and one for the propaganda film "December 7th: The Movie" (1943). Ford filmed the Japanese attack on Midway from the power plant of Sand Island and was wounded in the arm. Ford was also present on Omaha Beach on D-Day. He crossed the English Channel on the USS Plunkett (DD-431), which anchored off Omaha Beach at 0600. He observed the first wave land on the beach from the ship, landing on the beach himself later with a team of Coast Guard cameramen who filmed the battle from behind the beach obstacles, with Ford directing operations.
Scope and Content
A compilation of the first four days of the D-Day assault prepared by SHAEF [Supreme Headquarter Allied Expeditionary Forces] Public Relations Division for the civilian and military leadership. This film report was compiled within days of the invasion on June 11, 1944. Both John Ford's Field Photographic Branch (OSS) and George Steven's Special Coverage Unit were assigned to filming this combat camera footage of the invasion.
Note(s)
For more information about this film, consult the National Archives blog post, "The First D-Day Documentary" by Steve Greene posted on September 9, 2014 https://unwritten-record.blogs.archives.gov/2014/09/09/the-first-d-day-documentary/. According to the blog, this film was "assembled under [John Ford's] directions, and an overall D-Day report, complete with sound, was competed on D plus 5, and was shown to Mr. Winston Churchill. Copies were also flown to President Roosevelt and Mr. Stalin.”
People
- Stevens, George, 1904-1975.
Corporate Bodies
- United States. Army. Signal Corps. Special Coverage Unit
Subjects
- FRANCE
- SOLDIERS/MILITARY (AMERICAN)
- RUINS
- MILITARY ADVANCES
- WOUNDED
- STEVENS, GEORGE
- SHIPS
- MILITARY VEHICLES
- AIR FORCE (U.S.)
- SOLDIERS/MILITARY (GERMAN)
- FIGHTING
- BOMBINGS
- HARBORS
- AIRPLANES
- TANKS
- CIVILIANS
Places
- Normandy, France
Genre
- Documentary.
- Film