Bronze Marshal Petain medal given to a Jewish girl living as a refugee in France

Ruth Renee Kann was born on February 24, 1931, in Saarbrucken, Germany, to Edmund and Friedrike (Friedel) Klaber Kann. Edmund was born on May 29, 1894, in Windsheim, Germany, to a Jewish couple, Frederique Blum Kann and her husband. Edmund had two older brothers, Nathan (1886-1964) and Ernst. He served in the German Army during the First World War amd was seriously injured and partially paralyzed on his left side. Friedel was born on December 29, 1904, in Zulpich, Germany, to August and Paula Cahn Klaber. Friedel had 3 siblings, Joseph, Else, and Felix. Their father was an artist specializing in glasswork, with his own shop. On February 23, 1930, Edmund and Friedel married and settled in Saarbrucken, in Saarland, which was under French control following a mandate imposed by the Versailles Treaty that ended World War I. Edmund opened a scrap metal business. Renee’s sister, Edith, was born on July 28, 1933. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. On January 1, 1935, a plebiscite in Saarland approved reunification with Germany. Because of Germany's anti-Jewish decrees, Edmund decided the family would leave. He sold his business and they moved across the border to Sarreguemines, France. During the November 1938, Kristallnacht pogrom in Germany, Renee’s uncles, Nathan and Ernst Kann, were arrested and interned in Dachau concentration camp. Nathan had a visa for the United States, so he was released, but Ernst remained at Dachau. In January 1939, Nathan and his family left for the US. Renee’s cousins Lucie and Leon Kann and her grandmother Frederique Blum Kann joined her family in France. Renee’s uncle Joseph Klaber and aunt Else Klaber left to join their brother Felix in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In September 1939, around the time Germany invaded Poland, Renee’s family moved away from the German border and settled in Longeville-en-Barrois. They pretended to be Christians by enrolling Renee and Edith at Catholic schools and attending daily mass. In spring 1940, Edmund, a German war veteran, was arrested as a possible threat. He produced a medical certificate that confirmed he was disabled, thus not a threat, and was released. On May 10, Germany invaded France. On May 17, the Kann family was arrested by the French as enemy aliens. They were jailed in the nearby town of Bar-le-Duc and then transferred to Gurs internment camp in southwestern France. Edmund’s disability qualified him to live in the barracks for sick inmates, where the family received better treatment. While in the camp, Renee and Edith spent a lot of time with the other prisoners, which included Romanies and political refugees. In June, Renee’s family was given the choice to be repatriated to Germany, but refused. On June 23, France surrendered to Germany and signed an armistice. Germany occupied the northwestern regions of France. The southeastern regions were governed by the newly formed French government at Vichy, which collaborated with Germany. On August 14, Renee and her family were released from Gurs. They travelled north to Toulouse, still in Vichy France. Renee’s grandmother Frederique and her cousins escaped to the US. Renee’s family went to Lyon, where her father had a friend, Ramon Levy, who helped them find an apartment in the nearby Villeurbanne. Renee and Edith enrolled at a local school. In June 1942, the directress at Renee’s school announced that she would have won a particular prize, but that it was given to another child because Renee was Jewish. This announcement prompted Friedel to send Renee and Edith into hiding. She took them to a woman named Madame Dreyfus, who arranged for the sisters to be taken to the nearby mountain town of Le Chambon sur Ligne, where many French families were hiding Jewish refugees. The sisters were housed by different families, Renee with the Fourniers and Edith with the Chaputs, but were occasionally able to visit one another. Renee was lonely and unhappy, so one day she left and got Edith. They made their way back to Villeurbanne to find their parents. When they arrived at their apartment, Friedel and Edmund were gone. The sisters burst into tears and the family next door heard them crying. They told the girls that the Caussidiere family had hidden their parents at a local theater to keep them from being deported by the Vichy French authorities. Madame Dreyfus took the girls back to Le Chambon. Edith returned to the Chaputs and Renee was placed in a boarding house for girls. In late September, Renee’s parents felt the situation for Jews in Vichy France was getting worse, and decided to flee. They called Renee and Edith back to Villeurbanne and told them that they were now the Weber family. The girls were allowed to keep their first names, but Edmund was now Louis Pierre and Friedel was Marie Cecile Catherine. Edmund hired a guide to take them over the Swiss border illegally. The guide tried to extort more money from Renee’s parents, and then left the family in a farm field. On October 3, the Kann family reached Basel and was arrested the next day. They would have been sent to a Swiss internment camp, but both Renee and Edith had hepatitis and had to be hospitalized. The family stayed in Basel, and Edmund and Friedel had to report to the authorities once a week. On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered. Renee’s family returned to Sarreguemines. While Renee and Edith attended school, their parents prepared to emigrate to the United States. Friedel began calling herself Frieda. On July 10, 1947, the family sailed to New York City, then settled in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, near Edmund’s brother Nathan. They learned that most of their extended family members had been deported to concentration camps, including Theresienstadt and Dachau. Most had died in September 1942, during a forced march to Treblinka killing center in German-occupied Poland. Her uncle Ernst had died at Dachau, supposedly of pneumonia. Renee attended one year of high school before attending the University of Pittsburgh to study foreign languages. At the university, Renee met Arthur Silver (1926-2010). The couple married in November 1950 and settled in New York City. Renee worked as a foreign language teacher for high schoolers and her husband worked at a local university. They had one son. Edmund, 85, died on December 28, 1979. Frieda, 79, died on June 17, 1984. Edith, 64, passed away on May 1, 2008. Renee regularly speaks to groups about her experiences during the Holocaust and has written about them extensively.

The medal was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2013 by Renee Kann Silver.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Renee Kann Silver

Funding Note: The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.