Pair of William Adams & Sons stoneware candlesticks with a scene of Oliver Twist meeting Fagin
Extent and Medium
a: Height: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Diameter: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)
b: Height: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Diameter: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)
Creator(s)
- Peter Ehrenthal (Compiler)
- William Adams and Sons (Manufacturer)
Biographical History
The Katz Ehrenthal Collection is a collection of more than 900 objects depicting Jews and antisemitic and anti-Jewish propaganda from the medieval to the modern era, in Europe, Russia, and the United States. The collection was amassed by Peter Ehrenthal, a Romanian Holocaust survivor, to document the pervasive history of anti-Jewish hatred in Western art, politics and popular culture. It includes crude folk art as well as pieces created by Europe's finest craftsmen, prints and periodical illustrations, posters, paintings, decorative art, and toys and everyday household items decorated with depictions of stereotypical Jewish figures.
Archival History
The candlesticks were donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2016 by the Katz Family.
Acquisition
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Katz Family
Funding Note: The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
Scope and Content
Pair of candlesticks (a and b) decorated with two colored illustrations from popular Charles Dickens’ books, manufactured by William Adams & Sons, likely between 1896 and 1920. The first image is from “Old Curiosity Shop,” and was originally drawn by Hablot Knight Browne (aka Phiz). The image was first published in 1840, with the serialized release of the story. However, the caption is from a later illustration of the same scene by Charles Green, and was first published in a later edition of the novel in 1876. The second image is from “Oliver Twist,” and was originally drawn by George Cruikshank. It was first originally published in 1837, with the serialized release of the story. Fagin is portrayed with a beard and a large nose; both stereotypical physical features attributed to Jewish men. In “Oliver Twist,” Fagin is the villainous leader of a gang of children whom he has instructed in the ways of criminality. He attempts to corrupt the protagonist, Oliver, in the same manner. In the novel, Fagin is described in his first appearance as hunched over a fire holding a toasting fork. This imagery reinforces the antisemitic stereotype of Jewish associations with the devil, due to the toasting fork’s resemblance of a pitchfork. He is repeatedly referred to as “the Jew” in the book and also emphasized as a greedy, miserly, and cowardly character; all traits aligning with common antisemitic stereotypes. However, in a later edition of the novel, Dickens reduced his use of “the Jew,” substituting it for pronouns or other phrases. Even in this later version, Fagin is still repeatedly and negatively referred to as “the Jew,” and remains emblematic of multiple antisemitic canards. Later writings by Dickens portrayed Jews in a more positive light, however, the reprehensible Fagin is his most remembered Jewish character. These candlesticks are two of the more than 900 items in the Katz Ehrenthal Collection of antisemitic artifacts and visual materials.
Conditions Governing Access
No restrictions on access
Conditions Governing Reproduction
No restrictions on use
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
a: Hollow, molded, glazed, off-white stoneware candlestick decorated with a transfer printed illustration of an interior scene. The candlestick is part of a set. The candlestick has a circular, slightly domed base, decorated with dark green lines, which tapers into a vertical, cylindrical stem with two raised bands flanking the central section. At the top, the stem flares into a shallow bowl with a central candle well and is decorated with dark green lines. On the stem, above the upper band, is a decorative, rectangular box with a caption printed in green. The scene is printed on the center of the stem, between the raised bands, in a narrow, oval-shaped frame comprised of a line of small, interconnected circles flanked by two thin, green lines. The image depicts six figures in a room with a dog partially seated beneath a table and a brown chair on the far right. Two boys are standing to the left of the dog. The leftmost boy wears a black top hat and tailcoat with brown pants. He is holding the shoulder of the other boy, who is tentatively leaning back and wears a black, brimmed cap, a brown shirt, and white pants. To the dog’s right is a third boy pointing toward the first two with one hand and holding a candle in the other. He wears a black jacket and white pants. Beside him is an older, stooped, bald man with a large nose and beard. He holds a cap in his hand and wears a long blue gown. To the right of the table, behind the old man, is a large man wearing a white top hat and green jacket and a tall woman dressed in red with a large-brimmed, white hat. On the bottom of the candlestick is a maker’s mark and a series mark. The series mark is green and circular, featuring a portrait of a man with a goatee in right profile centered in the circle. Below the man, within the outer circle is a name, and above that circle is a line of text. Above are two small lines of impressed text. The maker's mark is a brown, rectangular card with a white border and diagonal stripes on the front. Overlaid in the center is a white banner with the manufacturer’s name. Lines of worn text are above and below. There are discolored areas along the edges of the base and the bowl, as well as several small chips in the bowl’s edge. There is residual adhesive on the stem’s upper section, and small, brown spots throughout the body. b: Hollow, molded, glazed, off-white stoneware candlestick decorated with a transfer printed illustration of an interior scene. The candlestick is part of a set. The candlestick has a circular, slightly domed base, decorated with dark green lines, which tapers into a vertical, cylindrical stem with two raised bands flanking the central section. At the top, the stem flares into a shallow bowl with a central candle well and is decorated with dark green lines. On the stem, above the upper band, is a decorative, rectangular box with a caption printed in green. The scene is printed on the center of the stem, between the raised bands, in a narrow, oval-shaped frame comprised of a line of small, interconnected circles flanked by two thin, green lines. The image is a scene of a man and a woman playing cards. The woman, on the left, is wearing a red dress, sitting on a brown table and holding the cards tightly to her face. The man, on the right, is sitting in a chair and wearing a blue tailcoat, white pants, and a cap perched crookedly on his head. He holds the cards in his left hand which is on the table, while he drinks from a tall mug in his opposite hand. A candle is on the table between them, and they are sitting beneath a laden clothesline. On the bottom of the candlestick is a maker’s mark and a series mark. The series mark is green and circular, featuring a portrait of a man with a goatee in right profile centered in the circle. Below the man, within the outer circle is a name, and above that circle is a line of text. The maker's mark is a brown rectangular card with a white border and diagonal stripes on the front. Overlaid in the center is a white banner with the manufacturer’s name. Lines of worn text are above and below. There are discolored areas along the edges of the base and the bowl. There is residual adhesive on the stem’s upper section, and small, brown spots throughout the body.
Subjects
- English literature--Illustrations.
- Antisemitism in art--England.
- Staffordshire (England)
- Jews in art.
- Fagin (Fictitious character)
- Jews--Caricatures and cartoons.
- Stereotypes (Social psychology) in art.
Genre
- Object
- Candlesticks.
- Furnishings and Furniture