Fritz and Adelaide Kauffmann papers

Fritz Kauffman was born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1904. His parents were jewelers. He moved to Australia in 1927 to work as an independent sales representative for German manufacturers, selling aircraft, aircraft supplies, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, insulating materials and machinery. In 1931, he moved to Shanghai to work as a sales representative for Australian firms selling wheat, flour, beef tallow, hides, fresh fruit and wool products. Fritz then joined the German import-export firm Reuter, Broeckelmann & Co. managing the industrial raw materials, chemicals, and produce department. In 1940, due to German and Nazi politics, he left Reuter, Broeckelmann & Co. to start his own company, Merchants and Traders. Fritz married a non-Jewish British citizen, Adelaide Florence Kerslake, on January 23, 1941, in Shanghai. He was deprived of his German citizenship in the summer of 1941 because he was a German Jew living abroad. Fritz had lived in Shanghai for quite a few years before the refugees started arriving from Europe. Thus he was in a position to help organize a committee established to aid the refugees after their arrival. In July 1942, Fritz and other members of a joint committee of Jews learned that the Japanese, under the influence of the German Gestapo, planned to liquidate the Jews living in Shanghai. Fritz and his fellow committee members were arrested soon after they questioned this policy and tried to meet with highly placed military officials about the rumor. Fritz was held in custody for about a month. In early 1943, the Japanese declared that all Jewish refugees arriving after December 31, 1936 had to relocate to the newly established ghettos. Fritz was not subject to this proclamation, as he arrived in 1931, and he was able to continue to live in his home and run his business. Both of Fritz's parents were killed during the Holocaust. Throughout his time in Shanghai, Fritz participated in the sport of polo and was active in the Shanghai Polo and Hunt Clubs. He was retroactively granted membership in 1949. In February of that year, Fritz and Adelaide moved to the British West Indies, where he continued to run his business. They had wished to go to the United Kingdom, but were denied entry on the basis that Adelaide was now German. In 1950, they received United States immigration visas and went to New York. Fritz and Adelaide were granted United States citizenship in 1957. Fritz died in 1993, age 89 years. Adelaide passed away on April 20, 1999, age 90 years.

Adelaide Florence Kerslake, was born in Great Britain on July 27, 1908, to Christian parents. She moved to Shanghai, where she married Fritz Kauffmann on January 23, 1941. Fritz was a German Jewish citizen who had lived and worked in Shanghai since 1931. In the summer of 1941, he was deprived of his German citizenship because he was a German Jew living abroad. Adelaide and he made vigorous efforts to arrange British citizenship fro Fritz, and it was finally granted in 1943. AS a longtime Shanghai resident, Fritz was in a position to help organize a committee to aid the growing influx of refugees from Europe into the city. In July 1942, he was arrested with other committee members when they made public inquiries regarding a rumor that the Japanese, the military commanders of Shanghai, were, due to the influence of German Gestapo agents, planning to liquidate the Jews living in Shanghai. Fritz was held in custody for about a month. In early 1943, the Japanese declared that all Jewish refugees arriving after December 31, 1936 had to relocate to the newly established ghettos. Fritz was not subject to this proclamation, as he arrived in 1931, and he and Adelaide were able to remain in their home and continue operation their business. In February 1949, Fritz and Adelaide moved to the British West Indies, where they continued to run an import-export business. In 1950, they received United States immigration visas and went to New York. Fritz and Adelaide were granted United States citizenship in 1957. Fritz died in 1993. Adelaide passed away on April 20, 1999, age 90 years.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Estate of Adelaide Kauffmann

Ronnie Liebowitz, a lawyer from the Hellring, Lindeman Goldstein & Siegal LLp firm who represents the Estate of Adelaide Kauffmann donated this material to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Art and Artifacts branch in December 1999. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives received this collection from the Art and Artifacts branch.