Eichmann Trial -- Session 98 -- Cross-examination of the Accused
Creator(s)
- J. Kalach (Camera Operator)
- J. Jonilowicz (Camera Operator)
- F. Csaznik (Camera Operator)
- Rolf M. Kneller (Camera Operator)
- Emil Knebel (Camera Operator)
- Leo Hurwitz (Director)
- Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive
- Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation (Producer)
- Milton Fruchtman (Producer)
Biographical History
Emil Knebel was a cinematographer known for Andante (2010), Adam (1973), and Wild Is My Love (1963). He was one of the cameramen who recorded daily coverage of the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem (produced by Capital Cities Broadcasting Corp and later held academic positions in Israel and New York teaching filmmaking at universities. Refer to CV in file.
Scope and Content
Footage begins in the middle of Session 98. Cross examination of the accused continues with Attorney General Gideon Hausner questioning Eichmann about his refusal to allow parcels to be sent to Jewish deportees in the General Government from their relatives in the Reich. Eichmann replies that there was nothing he could have done on his own initiative (00:01:14). Hausner continues, asking Eichmann why this matter concerned him and if he had to receive instructions from Heinrich Müller, head of Section IV (Gestapo) of the Reich Main Security Office, first (00:03:28). After giving insufficient answers, Judge Landau angrily tells Eichmann to stop and answer the question (00:05:52). Eichmann's refusal to give his opinion to Müller and his superiors is discussed at length (00:06:57). Hausner asks Eichmann why, if he was such an insufficient and useless official, did Müller boast that if they had fifty Eichmann's they would have won the war against the Soviet Union, England, and France (00:11:39) and Heinrich Himmler had said that they were sending "the master" to Hungary (00:15:35). Judge Halevi asks the accused why he did not use the section head's right to make decisions and give order if he was a section head (00:17:27). This entire segment is duplicate footage found on Tape 2159 (from 00:27:52 to 00:47:53). Footage cuts (00:20:31 to 00:20:34) A large portion of the session is missing. Footage resumes with questions concerning Eichmann's role in orders being sent to Zichenau for the extermination of Jews. Hausner asks the accused what these Jews had done to deserve a public hanging in Zichenau (00:22:33) and whether ever order for executing Jews went through the accused (00:24:33). This segment is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2160 (from 00:09:57 to 00:14:19) Footage cuts (00:24:57 to 00:25:00) A small section of the proceeding is missing from the tape. Footage resumes with Eichmann being asked if he was considered the official channel through which Himmler passed on orders to the State Police and received confirmation that the hangings had been carried out. Eichmann testifies that this was not always the case, that Müller was sometimes the channel. When asked why he dealt with these matters and not department IVC2, Eichmann replies that he does not know. This segment is duplicate footage found on Tape 2160 (from 00:17:47 to 00:20:30) Footage cuts (00:27:53) Some of the session is missing and footage resumes later in the proceeding. Eichmann replies to questions regarding sending Jews from the Reich to Litzmannstadt/Łódź. There is a commotion in the courtroom and Judge Landau tells the guards to remove a man from the audience because he is shouting (00:28:35). The camera cuts to a man in the audience being taken out of the courtroom by guards (00:28:43). The English translator is heard saying that the man pointed to a concentration camp number on his arm and shouted "you dog, you dog." The camera turns back to the proceeding and shows shot of Hausner and Eichmann as a passage read by Hausner is translated. This segment is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2160 (from 01:02:08 to 01:06:14) and Tape 2162 (from 00:00:08 to 00:04:06).
Note(s)
See official transcripts, published in "The Trial of Adolf Eichmann", Vol. I-V, State of Israel, Ministry of Justice, Jerusalem, 1994. Also available online at the Nizkor Project.
Subjects
- EVACUATIONS
- TRIALS
- PROSECUTORS
- MUELLER, HEINRICH
- EICHMANN, ADOLF
- EICHMANN TRIAL
- JEWS
- COURTS/COURTROOMS
- HAUSNER, GIDEON
- JUDGES
- DOCUMENTS
Places
- Jerusalem, Israel
Genre
- Film
- Unedited.