From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcard from Matylda Kozlowska, Brwinow, 23 January 1945

From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcard sent by Matylda Kozlowska from Brwinow, near Warsaw, Poland, to Schwarzbaum in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 23 January 1945, a few days before the liberation of Warsaw. Kozlowska updates Schwarzbaum that her siblings Zygmunt, Zosia, Wicia, Irka, Adas and she herself are alive. Due to their dire financial situation, she asks him to send them parcels. She sends her regards to Schwarzbaum's family and asks him to give her address to Mr. Tadeusz S. Note: for more information about Zygmunt (Inwald) see file 27249 in the Holdings Registry (particularly the letters dated 15 April and 23 June 1941). Source file: 26315 2 pages, handwritten original, in Polish About Alfred Schwarzbaum: Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was a Jewish merchant from Bedzin, Poland, who fled to Switzerland after the occupation. In Switzerland, he set up a relief enterprise, and supported hundreds of Jews. Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was born in 1896 in Sosnowiec, Poland. He later moved to Bedzin, became a businessman and started a family. In late September 1939, following the German occupation of Poland, he sent his daughter to England. In November 1939, he was jailed for several weeks in Myslowice and was interrogated by the Gestapo. After his release, he turned down an offer from Mosheh Merin, head of the Sosnowiec Jewish council, to be his deputy. Using his connections and his fortune, he was able to obtain visas for Switzerland. In April 1940, he left Poland and settled in Lausanne. Schwarzbaum soon started sending out food, clothing, money and papers to Poland. He managed to navigate between the often uncoordinated Jewish and Zionist organizations based in Switzerland, to transfer financial help to Jews in Poland. He sent hundreds of parcels to German occupied localities, via Lisbon, Sweden and Turkey. He visited refugee camps in Switzerland, and corresponded with persons living under the Nazi rule. He also produced passports, which led him into trouble with the Swiss police, who feared for violation of the country's neutrality policy. In 1945, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine. In Israel, he supported funds and provided stipends for students in need, in several Israeli institutes for higher education. He died in 1990.