From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcard from Eli Harari (Jurek Grossberg), Kibbutz Eilon, November 1945

From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcard sent by Eli Harari (born Jurek Grossberg) from Kibbutz Eilon to Schwarzbaum in Haifa, Mandate Palestine, 13 November 1945. Harari writes that his mother is coming from Italy and mentions his friend Bolek Goldlust, who had been with him in camps and lived with him at the Youth Aliyah House in Switzerland, where they both corresponded with Schwarzbaum. Note: Jurek, the son of Renia and Moses Grossberg, was born in Lodz on 28 February 1929. He was in the Lodz ghetto and in the Auschwitz and Mauthausen camps. For further information, see file 28249. Source file: 26771 2 pages, handwritten original, in Polish About Alfred Schwarzbaum: Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was a Jewish merchant from Bedzin, Poland, who fled to Switzerland after the occupation. In Switzerland, he set up a relief enterprise, and supported hundreds of Jews. Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was born in 1896 in Sosnowiec, Poland. He later moved to Bedzin, became a businessman and started a family. In late September 1939, following the German occupation of Poland, he sent his daughter to England. In November 1939, he was jailed for several weeks in Myslowice and was interrogated by the Gestapo. After his release, he turned down an offer from Mosheh Merin, head of the Sosnowiec Jewish council, to be his deputy. Using his connections and his fortune, he was able to obtain visas for Switzerland. In April 1940, he left Poland and settled in Lausanne. Schwarzbaum soon started sending out food, clothing, money and papers to Poland. He managed to navigate between the often uncoordinated Jewish and Zionist organizations based in Switzerland, to transfer financial help to Jews in Poland. He sent hundreds of parcels to German occupied localities, via Lisbon, Sweden and Turkey. He visited refugee camps in Switzerland, and corresponded with persons living under the Nazi rule. He also produced passports, which led him into trouble with the Swiss police, who feared for violation of the country's neutrality policy. In 1945, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine. In Israel, he supported funds and provided stipends for students in need, in several Israeli institutes for higher education. He died in 1990.