From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Letters from Seweryn Poltorak, Budapest and Mukachevo, 1943 - 1944

From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Letters sent by Seweryn Poltorak, a refugee from Bedzin, from Budapest and Mukachevo (Munkacs) to Schwarzbaum in Switzerland, 1943 - 1944. 6 pages, print and handwritten original, in Polish and German Inventory: 1. Letter sent on 30 November 1943, stating his address in Budapest. 1 page, hadnwritten original, in Polish 2. Confirmation for the reception of a parcel from Lausanne, Switzerland, to Poltorak in Budapest, 11 December 1943. 1 page, print and handwritten original, in German 3. Two letters, dated 1 March and 19 April 1944, sent from Mukachevo, Ukraine, stating his new address. 4 pages, handwritten original, in German Source file: 27250 About Alfred Schwarzbaum: Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was a Jewish merchant from Bedzin, Poland, who fled to Switzerland after the occupation. In Switzerland, he set up a relief enterprise, and supported hundreds of Jews. Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was born in 1896 in Sosnowiec, Poland. He later moved to Bedzin, became a businessman and started a family. In late September 1939, following the German occupation of Poland, he sent his daughter to England. In November 1939, he was jailed for several weeks in Myslowice and was interrogated by the Gestapo. After his release, he turned down an offer from Mosheh Merin, head of the Sosnowiec Jewish council, to be his deputy. Using his connections and his fortune, he was able to obtain visas for Switzerland. In April 1940, he left Poland and settled in Lausanne. Schwarzbaum soon started sending out food, clothing, money and papers to Poland. He managed to navigate between the often uncoordinated Jewish and Zionist organizations based in Switzerland, to transfer financial help to Jews in Poland. He sent hundreds of parcels to German occupied localities, via Lisbon, Sweden and Turkey. He visited refugee camps in Switzerland, and corresponded with persons living under the Nazi rule. He also produced passports, which led him into trouble with the Swiss police, who feared for violation of the country's neutrality policy. In 1945, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine. In Israel, he supported funds and provided stipends for students in need, in several Israeli institutes for higher education. He died in 1990.