From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcards from Dawid Haper, the Warsaw ghetto, April - May 1942

From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcards sent by Dawid Haper from the Warsaw ghetto to Schwarzbaum in Lausanne, Switzerland, April - May 1942 (12 April, 23 April, 17 May and 18 May). Haper, the son of Chaim and Ester, was born in Bedzin in 1903. He lived in Katowice with his wife Malka and their daughter Gustawa (b. 1929 or 1930). The family resided in the Warsaw ghetto during the war. According to the witness pages filled out by Dawid's sister, Sara Weinreb, for Yad Vashem in 1956, he perished in the Majdanek camp. 8 pages, handwritten copy, in Polish Source filoe: 27116 About Alfred Schwarzbaum: Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was a Jewish merchant from Bedzin, Poland, who fled to Switzerland after the occupation. In Switzerland, he set up a relief enterprise, and supported hundreds of Jews. Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was born in 1896 in Sosnowiec, Poland. He later moved to Bedzin, became a businessman and started a family. In late September 1939, following the German occupation of Poland, he sent his daughter to England. In November 1939, he was jailed for several weeks in Myslowice and was interrogated by the Gestapo. After his release, he turned down an offer from Mosheh Merin, head of the Sosnowiec Jewish council, to be his deputy. Using his connections and his fortune, he was able to obtain visas for Switzerland. In April 1940, he left Poland and settled in Lausanne. Schwarzbaum soon started sending out food, clothing, money and papers to Poland. He managed to navigate between the often uncoordinated Jewish and Zionist organizations based in Switzerland, to transfer financial help to Jews in Poland. He sent hundreds of parcels to German occupied localities, via Lisbon, Sweden and Turkey. He visited refugee camps in Switzerland, and corresponded with persons living under the Nazi rule. He also produced passports, which led him into trouble with the Swiss police, who feared for violation of the country's neutrality policy. In 1945, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine. In Israel, he supported funds and provided stipends for students in need, in several Israeli institutes for higher education. He died in 1990.