From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcard from Sophie Schwarzbaum, Bedzin ghetto, July 1943

From the Alfred – Alf Schwarzbaum collection: Postcard sent by Sophie Schwarzbaum from the Bedzin ghetto, Poland, to Alfred in Lausanne, Switzerland, 6 July 1943. Sophie, Alfred's niece, writes that she and her family sent him a letter with photos attached on 18 June 1943, but have not yet received an answer and are anxiously awaiting his reply. Notes: 1. The dates of birth and photos sent to Schwazrbaum were probably meant to enable him to provide them with foreign passports or visas to exit Poland. 2. Additional letters from this file were transferred to files 41355 and 41356 in the Holdings Registry. 2 pages, handwritten, original, in German About Alfred Schwarzbaum: Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was a Jewish merchant from Bedzin, Poland, who fled to Switzerland after the occupation. In Switzerland, he set up a relief enterprise, and supported hundreds of Jews. Alfred (Alf) Schwarzbaum was born in 1896 in Sosnowiec, Poland. He later moved to Bedzin, became a businessman and started a family. In late September 1939, following the German occupation of Poland, he sent his daughter to England. In November 1939, he was jailed for several weeks in Myslowice and was interrogated by the Gestapo. After his release, he turned down an offer from Mosheh Merin, head of the Sosnowiec Jewish council, to be his deputy. Using his connections and his fortune, he was able to obtain visas for Switzerland. In April 1940, he left Poland and settled in Lausanne. Schwarzbaum soon started sending out food, clothing, money and papers to Poland. He managed to navigate between the often uncoordinated Jewish and Zionist organizations based in Switzerland, to transfer financial help to Jews in Poland. He sent hundreds of parcels to German occupied localities, via Lisbon, Sweden and Turkey. He visited refugee camps in Switzerland, and corresponded with persons living under the Nazi rule. He also produced passports, which led him into trouble with the Swiss police, who feared for violation of the country's neutrality policy. In 1945, he immigrated to Mandate Palestine. In Israel, he supported funds and provided stipends for students in need, in several Israeli institutes for higher education. He died in 1990.