<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<ead xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9 http://www.loc.gov/ead/ead.xsd">
  <eadheader countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" scriptencoding="iso15924" repositoryencoding="iso15511" relatedencoding="DC">
    <eadid>il-002798-3763421</eadid>
    <filedesc>
      <titlestmt>
        <titleproper>The Koniuchowsky Collection: Testimonies Regarding the Holocaust of Lithuanian Jewry, 1945-1981</titleproper>
      </titlestmt>
      <publicationstmt>
        <publisher>ארכיון יד ושם / Yad Vashem Archives</publisher>
        <address>
          <addressline>Jerusalem</addressline>
          <addressline>IL</addressline>
          <addressline>+97226443669</addressline>
          <addressline>9726443719</addressline>
          <addressline>http://yadvashem.org/</addressline>
          <addressline>ref@yadvashem.org.il</addressline>
          <addressline>Israel</addressline>
        </address>
      </publicationstmt>
    </filedesc>
    <profiledesc>
      <creation>This file was exported automatically from the EHRI database administration tool and represents a work-in-progress.
        <date normal="20210102">2021-01-02T19:12:26.453Z</date>
      </creation>
      <langusage>
        <language langcode="eng">English</language>
      </langusage>
    </profiledesc>
  </eadheader>
  <archdesc level="recordgrp">
    <did>
      <unitid>3763421</unitid>
      <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">The Koniuchowsky Collection: Testimonies Regarding the Holocaust of Lithuanian Jewry, 1945-1981</unittitle>
      <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">170 Files</physdesc>
      <langmaterial>
        <language langcode="eng" encodinganalog="3.4.3">English</language>
        <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
      </langmaterial>
      <repository>
        <corpname>ארכיון יד ושם / Yad Vashem Archives</corpname>
      </repository>
    </did>
    <processinfo encodinganalog="3.7.1">
      <p><![CDATA[JL according to the RG description in the YV computerized catalogue]]></p>
    </processinfo>
    <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
      <p><![CDATA[The collection includes testimonies regarding 150 towns and villages in Lithuania, and more than 30 towns in the Vilna area. In addition, there are 1,683 pages of closely handwritten testimonies in Yiddish, photocopies and topographical maps. 93 photographs were incorporated into the Photo Archive, where their collection number is 2812. The collection is of special significance because it includes much information, gathered directly from people who were eye-witnesses to the events described. Furthermore, from the testimonies it is possible to learn about the destruction of small communities, and places that had very few Jews before the war, and virtually no survivors.]]></p>
    </scopecontent>
    <originalsloc encodinganalog="3.5.1">
      <p><![CDATA[YV archives]]></p>
    </originalsloc>
    <bioghist encodinganalog="3.2.2">
      <p><![CDATA[Leyb Koniuchowsky was born in Lithuania on 18 November 1910.  An engineer by profession, he resided in Kaunas (Kovno).  During the German occupation he lived in the Kaunas Ghetto and worked there until his escape.  He found shelter in a bunker at a farmer's home where he remained until the liberation of Lithuania by the Red Army in 1944.

From 1944-46, he wandered through the war battered towns of Lithuania, collecting testimonies from the few Jews that survived.  The testimonies focus on the extermination of the Jews and the destruction of the local towns and villages.  Koniuchowsky was meticulous about the accuracy and authenticity of the information in the testimonies, and even had the witnesses sign their testimonies.  The testimonies include the names of thousands of victims of the Holocaust, the names of their murderers and those who had collaborated with the Germans.  Koniuchowsky continued to collect testimonies in She’erit Hapletah DP camps in Germany, where he lived for a few years.  From Germany he emigrated to the United States with help from the HIAS organization.]]></p>
    </bioghist>
    <otherfindaid encodinganalog="3.4.5">
      <p><![CDATA[Description of files available on IDEA ALM system at Yad Vashem Archives reading room and on the YV website ]]></p>
    </otherfindaid>
    <custodhist encodinganalog="3.2.3">
      <p><![CDATA[  Yad Vashem received the Koniuchowsky Collection in 1989.]]></p>
    </custodhist>
    <processinfo encodinganalog="3.7.3">
      <p>
        <date><![CDATA[2012-06-17]]></date>
      </p>
    </processinfo>
    <dsc>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3545188</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Dwora (Solomyak) Kuricki, born in Daugeliskis, Poland, 1911, regarding her experiences in the Daugeliskis Ghetto and in hiding in Widz</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

10 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-02-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Dwora (Solomyak) Kuricki, born in Daugeliskis, Poland, 1911, regarding her experiences in the Daugeliskis Ghetto and in hiding in Widz Life before the war; aliya to Eretz Israel, 1934; visit in Daugeliskis, 1939; closure of the borders; life in Daugeliskis. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; German occupation, 02 July 1941; restrictions on the Jews; Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jewish men; includes a list of names of those who were murdered; looting of Jewish property; deportation with the Jews to the Daugeliskis Ghetto, 09 September 1941; murder of the Jews in Suenciany, 25 September 1941; escape and hidden by farmers in a forest; escape to Widz and hidden by the farmer Cincik Kazimiez in his home; life in hiding; two additional Jews are hidden by the farmer; work as a cleaner; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קוניוכובסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Polygon,Murder Site</geogname>
          <geogname>Daugeliskis,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vidzy,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Swienciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552407</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Peshe (Kimel) Kagan , born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1905, regarding her experiences in Seventh Fort, and Chasia (Goldin) Khodash, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1920, regarding her experiences near Vievis, the Seventh Fort and the Ninth Fort</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-05-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Peshe (Kimel) Kagan , born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1905, regarding her experiences in Seventh Fort, and Chasia (Goldin) Khodash, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1920, regarding her experiences near Vievis, the Seventh Fort and the Ninth Fort Peshe (Kimel) Kagan: Life before the war. Outbreak of the war; unsuccessful attempt to escape to the Soviet Union without her husband, 23 June 1941; receives information about the murder of the Jews in Kaunas; escape back to Kaunas; deportation with her father and step-mother to the Seventh Fort; deportation of local Jews to the Seventh Port; confiscation of valuables, 02 July 1941; separation from the men including her father; rape and murder of women, 04-05 July 1941; murder of men; escape with the help of two Germans; escape of her father and additional Jews with the help of Germans; receives information about the escape with help from her husband and neighbor, Leib Koniuchowski; deportation of women and children to the Ninth Fort; release of women, 09 July 1941; deportation of Jews to the Ninth Fort by Lithuanians; visit of Germans to the Seventh Fort and photographs of the Jews are taken. Chasia (Goldin) Kodosh: Life before the war; escape with her husband in the direction of Vilna; life near Vievis including German occupation, 24 June 1941; receives information about the pogroms and deportation of Jews to the Seventh Fort in Kaunas; escape to Kaunas; transfer to the Seventh Fort; life in the Seventh Fort including separation from her husband; kidnapping and rape of women by Lithuanians; escape from a Lithuanian; puts mud on her body and hides behind her mother; murder of the men; visit of Germans and photographs of the Jews are taken; transfer with women and children to the Ninth Fort; release of the women by July 11 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניובאוסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="585">Confiscation of property</subject>
          <subject>Seventh Fort in Kovno</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Landwarow,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Fort 7,Murder Site,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552408</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Shimon Shlomowicz, Josef Shlomowicz, Josef Aharonowicz, Sender Linkimer, Berel Lewit, Gershon Jung, Motel Druzyn, Naftali Zywan, Mosze Ment, Zev Ment, Gutman Shajewicz, Benjamin Lapin, Hajne Elert and Icchak Markus regarding the ex</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

63 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1998-07-11 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Shimon Shlomowicz, Josef Shlomowicz, Josef Aharonowicz, Sender Linkimer, Berel Lewit, Gershon Jung, Motel Druzyn, Naftali Zywan, Mosze Ment, Zev Ment, Gutman Shajewicz, Benjamin Lapin, Hajne Elert and Icchak Markus regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Memel district, the Taurage district, Dachau, Auschwitz and other places Jewish life before the war in the Memel district and the Taurage district; German occupation of Kedainiai, Laukuva, Kaltinenai, Verzany, Kretinga and Svekska; murder of Jews in the aforementioned places, June 1941; deportation of Jews to camps in the Silute area; deportation of Jews to Dachau camp; deportation of Jews to Auschwitz; deportation of Jews to forced labor; murder of Jewish men, 19 July 1941; Jewish life in Varus camp; murder of Jews from the camp, autumn 1942; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; murder of Jews from Lithuania in Auschwitz-Birkenau; includes a list of names of those murdered; includes a list of names of Nazi war criminals.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאוסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Deportation to camps</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="120">Nazi criminals</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="861">Morbidity</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="2">Birkenau,Extermination Camp,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="177">Dachau,Camp,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sveksna,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Silute,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rusne,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Laukuva,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kretinga,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Verzian,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552409</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Protocol of the first national conference of the Union of the Lithuanian Jews in the American Zone which took place in Munich in 1947</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Typewritten original

63 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Protocol of the first national conference of the Union of the Lithuanian Jews in the American Zone which took place in Munich in 1947]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאוסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="868">Jewish organizations</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Muenchen,München (München),Bavaria,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Protocol</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552410</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Berel Gurvich, Eliahu Baykovitz, Fruma Baykovitz, Dvoyre Fish, Ida Fish, Dina Karapatkin, Miriam Kivilech and Rachel Maler, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Taurage</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Berel Gurvich, Eliahu Baykovitz, Fruma Baykovitz, Dvoyre Fish, Ida Fish, Dina Karapatkin, Miriam Kivilech and Rachel Maler, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Taurage Jewish life before the war. German occupation, 22 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians; activities against the Jews led by Mayor Jurgilas and the Police Commissioner Jakutis; murder of Jewish men; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; looting of property; murder of women and children, August 1941; escape of the Jews to Siauliai and Kaunas; Jews are hidden in farmers' homes; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; escape of Jews to forests; Jews join the partisans.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552411</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Toibe Gurvitz, born in Taurage, Lithuania, 1907, regarding her experiences in Taurage, Bousk, the Siauliai Ghetto; Stutthof, other places and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Taurage</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-06-13 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Toibe Gurvitz, born in Taurage, Lithuania, 1907, regarding her experiences in Taurage, Bousk, the Siauliai Ghetto; Stutthof, other places and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Taurage Life in Taurage before the war. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; air-raids; escape with the family in a Red Army truck; escape to Siauliai; German occupation; escape to Bousk; capture by the German Army; escape to Vasky; capture with Jews in a Lithuanian warehouse; payment of a bribe to a Lithuanian by her husband; release of her family; escape to Siauliai; life in Siauliai including detention of Jewish men; arrest of her brother; ghetto life; deportation to Stutthoff camp; Chinov camp life; liberation by the Red Army, 10 March 1945. Return to Taurage; life in Tauage; receives information about the experiences of the Jews in Taurage; German occupation, 22 June 1941; looting of Jewish property by Lithuanians; murder of Jewish men; deportation of women to forced labor; deportation of the Jews to a ghetto; deportation of the Jews to Visbut; murder of Jews in Visbut.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="857">Stutthof,Camp,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552412</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Lea (Rudnik) Szapira, born in Utena, Lithuania, 1911, regarding her experiences in Laukuva, Silale, a ghetto and in hiding in Telsiai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-06 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Lea (Rudnik) Szapira, born in Utena, Lithuania, 1911, regarding her experiences in Laukuva, Silale, a ghetto and in hiding in Telsiai Life before the war; attends a teachers college; move to Silale; life in Silale including work as a teacher in an elementary school; marriage; visit of her husband and daughter to Laukuva. Outbreak of the war; German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews, June 1941; looting of property; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians; murder of men, June 1941; transfer with the women to a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall); deportation with women and children to Girulai, an agricultural farm; life on the farm with Jewish women from various areas; receives information about the murder of the men; transfer to Silale with the help of the Police Commissioner; receives information from a policeman in exchange for goods that were promised to him upon their sale; receives information from the Police Commissioner about the murder of men in Silale; receives information about the murder of women and children in the Tubiniai forest; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; life in the Telsiai Ghetto; life outside the ghetto in the home of the Lithuanian family Laurinaite; murder of women in the ghetto; December 1941; life hidden in the home of a Lithuanian family; preparation of hiding places by the father of the house; correspondence with Jews in the Siauliai Ghetto; receives information about an "Aktion" against Jews in the Siauliai Ghetto; escape of women from Siauliai to in hiding; life in hiding with four Jewish women; a German officer lives on the bottom floor; liberation, 08 October 1944. Visit to Silale and Laukuva.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="297">Assistance to Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Giruliai,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Laukuva,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Silale,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552413</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Josef Aronowicz, born in Laukuva, Lithuania, 1918, regarding the murder of the Jews of Laukuva</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-10-09 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Josef Aronowicz, born in Laukuva, Lithuania, 1918, regarding the murder of the Jews of Laukuva Life before the war in Lakuva. German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; deportation of men to Kedainiai and then from Sveksna to Silute; life in Silute; transfer of Jews from Kaltinenai in Silute; "Aktion" against the women, 1941; receives information about the murder of women and children in Laukuva the Telsiai district; list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001579">Kelpsa Tadas</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Silute,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sveksna,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaltinenai,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Laukuva,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kedainiai,Kedainiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552414</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Chaim Goldsztejn, born in Erzvilkas, Lithuania, 1903, and Menucha Goldsztejn, born in Erzvilkas, Lithuania, 1910, regarding their experiences in Ervilkas, Karklote, Palabauksciai and other places; Testimony of Akiva Libman, born in</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

33 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Chaim Goldsztejn, born in Erzvilkas, Lithuania, 1903, and Menucha Goldsztejn, born in Erzvilkas, Lithuania, 1910, regarding their experiences in Ervilkas, Karklote, Palabauksciai and other places; Testimony of Akiva Libman, born in 1911, regarding his experiences in Erzvilkas, in hiding in Cipaiciai and other places Chaim and Menucha Goldsztejn: Life before the war. Looting of property by Lithuanians; activities against the Jews led by the Mayor Klimas Skilnskas and others; abuse of Jews; receives information about the forthcoming deportation to Batakiai camp; escape of family members to separate places; escape of Chaim to Karklote; escape of Chaim to Palabauksciai; sends a letter to relatives; receives a letter from an aunt about the location of his wife at the local farmer's home; escape to the farmer Brazas Antanas and meets with his wife and children; receives information from a farmer about the deportation of the Jews to the Batakiai camp; receives information about the murder of Jews in the Griblaukiai forest, September 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; hidden by farmers in villages in the area and forests; capture; escape attempt and Chaim is injured; transfer to a prison in Taurage; Chaim's labor for SS men, late 1942-early 1943; release of the family from prison by a SS commander; life in a local Lithuanian's home; escape of the family to villages in the Tauage district; life hidden in home of the farmer's Juozas Sturonas, Juozas Gaizauskas and others; liberation of the Red Army, 1944. Return to Erzvilkas.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="297">Assistance to Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001631">Skilinskas Klimas</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Erzvilkas,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Batakiai,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552415</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Peshe (Kahan) Melzner, born in Silale, Lithuania, 1906, regarding her experiences in Silale, Upyna, Batakiai and the Siauliai Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

10 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1949-05-28 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Peshe (Kahan) Melzner, born in Silale, Lithuania, 1906, regarding her experiences in Silale, Upyna, Batakiai and the Siauliai Ghetto Life before the war in Silale; attends a Russian high school. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; air-raids by the Germans; escape to Upyna, 23 June 1941; German occupation; establishment of a local Lithuanian administration; Jurgaitis Jurgis is mayor; restrictions on the Jews; looting and abuse of Jews; "Aktion" against men, 22 July 1941; deportation with women and children to Batakiai; camp life with her children; deportation of women and children from Skaudvile to a camp; murder of women; deportation to the Siauliai Ghetto with the help of a permit obtained by a family member; receives information about the murder of women and children in camp; ghetto life including an "Aktion" against children and murder of her children; end of the war. Visit to a mass grave in Upyna.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="861">Morbidity</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Upyna,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Batakiai,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
          <geogname>Silale,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552416</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Rivka Furman, born in Veliona, Lithuania, 1913, regarding her experiences in Pajuris, the Siaulai Ghetto, Stutthoff and hearsay testimony of the Jews experiences in Pajuris</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-05-20 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Rivka Furman, born in Veliona, Lithuania, 1913, regarding her experiences in Pajuris, the Siaulai Ghetto, Stutthoff and hearsay testimony of the Jews experiences in Pajuris Life in Veliona; life in Kaunas; attends a science high school; attends a Tarbut pedagogical institute until 1933; marriage and move to Pajuris. Outbreak of the war; Siauliai Ghetto life; deportation to Stutthof camp; liberation by the Red Army; receives information from farmers about the escape of Jews of Pajuris escape to Teneniai; deportation to forced labor; deportation of Jewish families to a barn; a hand grenade is thrown by Lithuanians into a barn; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jews.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pajuris,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Teneniai,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Veliona,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552417</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Sender Linkimer, born in Skuodas, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Kaltinenai and Haiderburg</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-10-04 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Sender Linkimer, born in Skuodas, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Kaltinenai and Haiderburg Life before the war; move to Kaltinenai, 1936. Shelling of Kaltinenai by German Army artillery, 22 June 1941; German occupation; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; establishment of a local authority by Lithuanians; deportation to forced labor; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews; receives information about the murder of Jewish men in Silale, 18 July 1941; transfer of the men to a synagogue; murder of the rabbi; transfer in a truck to Haiderburg; camp life on a farm; meets men from the Tauage area; murder of the sick; receives information about the murder of women and children from Kaltinenai in the Tubinos forest, September 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Silale,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaltinenai,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552418</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Mosze Ment, Icchak Markusiewicz, Naftali Ziv and Mair Smulevic, all born in Sveksna, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in Sveksna</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Mosze Ment, Icchak Markusiewicz, Naftali Ziv and Mair Smulevic, all born in Sveksna, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in Sveksna Life in Sveksna before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; activities of the collaborator Penkausiekas and other collaborators against the Jews; abuse of Jews; murder of Jewish men; murder of a Jew, 26 September 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Sveksna,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552419</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Motel Drojzin, Berel Levit, Gershon Jung, Roza Rachmel and Chaim Nadel, regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Kvedarna Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Motel Drojzin, Berel Levit, Gershon Jung, Roza Rachmel and Chaim Nadel, regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Kvedarna Ghetto Life before the war in Kvedarna; relations with the local population. Soviet occupation, 1940; German occupation, 22 June 1941; looting of Jewish owned property; restrictions on the Jews; cooperation of the Lithuanians Kazulis, Jakus and additional Lithuanians with the Germans; "Aktion" against Jewish men led by Dr. Schau from Silute, late June 1941; deportation of men to Sveksna; deportation of men to Silute camp; deportation of women and children to a ghetto; rape and robbery of women; murder of women and children in a forest in the Taurgage area.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Silute,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kvedarna,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sveksna,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552420</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Henech Elert, Azriel Gluk and Leizer Gold, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Naumiestis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Henech Elert, Azriel Gluk and Leizer Gold, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Naumiestis Jewish life in Naumiestis before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; arrest and murder of women; burning of holy books; establishment of a ghetto, 18 July 1941; looting of Jewish owned property; "Aktion” against the men, 19 July 1941; deportation of the Jews to Silute; camp life for the men; murder of Jewish men from Vainutas; the men receive information about the murder of the women in Naumiestis; includes a list of names of those murdered.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Naumiestis,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vainutas,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Silute,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552421</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Mendel Jakow Nekus, born in Vainutas, Lithuania, 1924, regarding his experiences in Vainutas and the Silute area</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

11 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-06-11 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Mendel Jakow Nekus, born in Vainutas, Lithuania, 1924, regarding his experiences in Vainutas and the Silute area Life in Vianutas before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation to forced labor; arrest of Jews; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; desecration of religious articles; murder of Jewish men, 19 July 1941; deportation of men from Vainutas to Silute; deportation with men to Silute; life in a local camp; selection and murder of the sick and elderly; includes a list of names of those who were murdered; letters to women in the ghetto are passed on by the labor foreman; letters from the women to the men in camp are passed on; receives information about the life of the women in the ghetto; rape of women; receives information by the labor foreman about the murder of women and children in the Gerainius forest.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Silute,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vainutas,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552422</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Icchak Markus, born in Vainutas, Lithuania, 1917, regarding his experiences in Vainutas and Silute</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

10 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Icchak Markus, born in Vainutas, Lithuania, 1917, regarding his experiences in Vainutas and Silute Life in Vainutas before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; establishment of a civil authority by the Lithuanians; Antanas Cuzauskas, head of the Lithuanian leadership; activities of the Lithuanians Paulius and Andriusas against the Jews; deportation of Jewish men to forced labor; desecration of religious articles; murder of Jewish men in the Saudviciai forest, 19 July 1941; includes a list of names of those murdered; deportation with Jewish men to Silute; transfer to a local camp; deportation of men to Machtubern camp; receives information about the murder of women and children in the Gerainius forest, 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vainutas,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552423</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of the Shimon Szlomowicz, born in Veivirzenai, Lithuania, 1923, and Josef Szlomowicz, born in Veivirzenai, Lithuania, 1924, regarding their experiences in Veivirzenai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

9 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of the Shimon Szlomowicz, born in Veivirzenai, Lithuania, 1923, and Josef Szlomowicz, born in Veivirzenai, Lithuania, 1924, regarding their experiences in Veivirzenai Life in Veivirzenai before the war. German occupation, 22 June 1941; Lithuanian leadership comprised of Petras Pekalniskis, Petras Cirtautas, Ignas Gersminauskas, and others; deportation of Jewish men to forced labor; burning of holy books, deportation of Jewish men to Silute, 28 June 1941; looting of jewelry and Jewish owned property; deportation of women and children to Trepklnis estate; murder of women and children, October 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001553">Cirtautas Petras</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Skaudvile,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Veivirzenai,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552424</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Photocopies of photographs of survivors from the Taurage area</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">xerox

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-10-06 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="eng" encodinganalog="3.4.3">English</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[19 photocopies of photographs of survivors from Taurage, among them: Rokchl Maler, Tobe Gurwitz, Fruma Baykovitz, Dina Koropatkin and others. Includes a list of names of survivors.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Taurage,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="701">Photograph</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552425</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chanan Reif, born in Tirksliai, Lithuania, 1908, regarding his experiences in Vieksniai, Mazeikiai, the Siauliai Ghetto, in hiding in Balenwliai and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

14 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chanan Reif, born in Tirksliai, Lithuania, 1908, regarding his experiences in Vieksniai, Mazeikiai, the Siauliai Ghetto, in hiding in Balenwliai and other places Life in Vieksniai before the war. German occupation, 26 June 1941; abuse and murder of Jewish men; deportation of Jewish men to forced labor; concentration of the men in a synagogue; looting of jewelry; deportation of Jews to Mazeikiai; finds belongings of Jews in barns; deportation with a group of men to a Jewish cemetery, 05 Ausgust 1941; digging pits; return deportation to barns; receives information about the murder of Jews from Mazeikiai in a cemetery; escape to a field; murder of the Jews, 06 August 1941; escape to Siauliai; life in Siauliai including giving testimony to the Judenrat about the murder of the Jews; ghetto life including receives information from a former maid about the murder of his family; escape to Balenwliai; life in Balenwliai and hidden by a farmer's home; receives a letter from a friend in the Siauliai Ghetto; receives information about the deportation of the children from the ghetto and asks for help; pays a bribe to the farmer; move of his friend and wife by the farmer to in hiding; escape to Narazeniai due to being informed on; life in Narazeniai with a woman from the Siauliai Ghetto; murder of the woman and her son by Lithuanians; escape back to the farmer in Balenwliai; betrayal by the farmer and arrest by SS men; transfer to a synagogue in Seda; shelling of Seda by the Red Army; escape of the guards; breaks a wall with inmates; receives information about the murder of men in Tirksliai; receives information about the deportation of women and children to barns in Mazeikiai; receives information about the deportation of Jews from Klykoliai; Vergeriai, Akmene, Seda, Zidikai and barns in Mazeikiai.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="747">Cemeteries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Akmene,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Klykoliai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Mazeikiai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vegeriai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vieksniai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zidikai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seda,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
          <geogname>Tirksliai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552426</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Shimen Bushkanetz, born in Swieciany, Poland, 1908, and of Chaye (Bushkanetz) Ginzberg, born in Swieciany, Poland, 1918, regarding their experiences in the Swieciany Ghetto, in hiding in a village and with the partisans in the Narach fo</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Shimen Bushkanetz, born in Swieciany, Poland, 1908, and of Chaye (Bushkanetz) Ginzberg, born in Swieciany, Poland, 1918, regarding their experiences in the Swieciany Ghetto, in hiding in a village and with the partisans in the Narach forest German occupation; establishment of the Swieciany Ghetto; ghetto life including deportation to forced labor; receives information about the murder of the Jews in a poligon, 08 October 1941; Typhus; activities of the Jewish physician Taraseysky during the typhus epidemic; arrival of the Vilna Ghetto representative; Judenrat deportation lists; liquidation of the ghetto, 04 April 1943; deportation of the Jews to Vilna and Kaunas; receives information about the murder of the deportees to Kaunas and Ponary; escape to a village and hidden by farmers; escape and joins a group of partisans; life in the --- forest with the partisans; liberation by the Red Army, 04 July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="297">Assistance to Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552427</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Binyomin Taraseysky and Yankel Levin, regarding their experiences in the Swieciany Ghetto, Ereda and camps in Germany and Austria</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

54 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Binyomin Taraseysky and Yankel Levin, regarding their experiences in the Swieciany Ghetto, Ereda and camps in Germany and Austria Life in Swieciany before the war. German occupation, 02 July 1941; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jews; deportation to forced labor; murder of Jewish men; includes a list of names of Jews murdered in a poligon; ghetto life; establishment of a camp in the area; liquidation of the ghetto, 04 April 1943; deportation of Jews to the Wilno Ghetto; murder of Jews in Ponary; deportation to Ereda; camp life; deportation of Jews in the direction of Kaunas; murder of Jews in Ponary; deportation to camps in Germany; deportation to camps in Austria; liberation, May 1945.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Jewish Police</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname>Gens, Jacob</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="963">Ereda,Camp,Estonia</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Estonia</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552428</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Avrom Taytz, born 1908, regarding his experiences in Swieciany and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

12 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-02-08 -</unitdate>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Avrom Taytz, born 1908, regarding his experiences in Swieciany and in hiding Life in Swieciany before the war. Establishment of a local Lithuanian government, 1940; German occupation, 01 July 1941; arrest and murder of Jews; deportation to forced labor; looting of property; deportation of the Jews to Nowe Swieciany; murder of Jews from Twerecz, Podbrodzie, Kaltinenai, and Adutiskis in a poligon, October 1941; deportation of Jews to Kaunas, April 1943; murder of deportees en route; deportation of Jews to Vilna, April 1943; escape and hidden by the farmers Zlotnikow and Romaslovski; liberation by the Red Army, 07 July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="297">Assistance to Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Adutiskis,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ignalina,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaltinenai,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Poligon,Murder Site</geogname>
          <geogname>Nowo Swieciany,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Podbrodzie,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552429</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Fruma Hochman, born in Swieciany, Poland, 1925, regarding her experiences in the Swieciany Ghetto, the Vilna Ghetto, Kaiswerwald and Stutthof</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

14 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-02-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Fruma Hochman, born in Swieciany, Poland, 1925, regarding her experiences in the Swieciany Ghetto, the Vilna Ghetto, Kaiswerwald and Stutthof Life before the war in Swieciany. Deportation of Jews to a poligon, 27 September 1941; abuse of Jews; looting of jewels and property; ghetto life including deportation to forced labor; detention of Jews; activities of the Lithuanian Police Commissioner Antanas Kenstavicius and his assistant Skawbutenis; activities of the German commanders Bek and Grul; deportation of Jews from Lodz and Dubno to the Swieciany Ghetto; deportation of Jews to Kaunas, April 1943; receives information about the murder of Jews in Ponary; deportation with Jews to the Vilna Ghetto, April 1943; liquidation of the ghetto, 23 September 1943; deportation to Kaiserwald; camp life; deportation to Stutthof; camp life; liberation by the Red Army, 10 March 1945; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators. Complements the testimony of Abraham Teitz (O.71/23a).]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="861">Morbidity</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="120">Nazi criminals</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject>Yom Kippur</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Wilno,Ghetto,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1051">Swieciany,Ghetto</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="857">Stutthof,Camp,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="788">Kaiserwald,Camp,Latvia</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552430</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Fajwel Chajet, born in Nowe Swieciany, Lithuania, 1915, and Rachel Fajwel, regarding their experiences in the Nowe Swieciany Ghetto, the Swieciany Ghetto and with the partisans in forests</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

22 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-04-19 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Fajwel Chajet, born in Nowe Swieciany, Lithuania, 1915, and Rachel Fajwel, regarding their experiences in the Nowe Swieciany Ghetto, the Swieciany Ghetto and with the partisans in forests Life in Nowe Swieciany before the war. German occupation; arrest of Jews; abuse and murder of Jews by Lithuanians; attack on the Jews by a Lithuanian collaborator named Kurpis; deportation to forced labor; desecration of religious articles; murder of men, 22 July 1941; restrictions on the Jews by the Mayor Vincentas Blasys and his assistant Cienas; establishment of a ghetto, August 1941; ghetto life; Judenrat activities; liquidation of the ghetto; murder of Jews, 7-8 October 1941; deportation with needed professionally skilled people to the Swieciany Ghetto; ghetto life; marriage; activities with the underground; escape to the Lintop forest; forest life including contact with Soviet partisans; move with the partisans to the Kazan forest; forest life with the partisans including combat; escape to the Miadziol forest, 15 November 1943; liberation. Return to Swieciany.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="242">Underground</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Miadsol,Postawy,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Nowo Swieciany,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Lintop,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552431</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Zalman Jofe, born in Vilna, Poland, 1907, and Rajzel (Gantownik) Jofe, born in Stojaciszki, Poland, 1912, regarding their experiences in Vilna, Stojaciszki, the Postawy Ghetto and with the partisans in the Narocz forest</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

15 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-04-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Zalman Jofe, born in Vilna, Poland, 1907, and Rajzel (Gantownik) Jofe, born in Stojaciszki, Poland, 1912, regarding their experiences in Vilna, Stojaciszki, the Postawy Ghetto and with the partisans in the Narocz forest Life before the war in Vilna; marriage; escape to Stojaciszki, 24 June 1941. German occupation, 02 July 1941; looting of Jewish owned property; murder of Jews in a poligon, 27 September and 09 October 1941; escape to the Postawy Ghetto; ghetto life; underground ghetto activities; escape to the partisans; life in the Narocz forest including joining the Revenge partisan unit; Makow and Bitenas are the commanders of the partisan unit; active combat against the German Army; death of partisans including Jews in combat; liberation by the Red Army, 05 June 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname>Glazman, Josef</persname>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001594">Markow</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Stojaciszki,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Postawy,Postawy,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Nowo Swieciany,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Narocz,Wilejka,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Belorussia (USSR)</geogname>
          <geogname>Adutiskis,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552432</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Michael Potashnik, born in Adutiskis, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in the Adutiskis Ghetto, the Swir Ghetto, the Luki forest, with the Red Army and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

20 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Michael Potashnik, born in Adutiskis, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in the Adutiskis Ghetto, the Swir Ghetto, the Luki forest, with the Red Army and other places Life in Adutiskis before the war; attends an elementary school; work processing linen and as a farmer. Escape attempt by Jews with the retreating Red Army; escape of refugees to Adutiskis, 25 June 1941; looting of Jewish owned property by Lithuanians; German occupation, 02 July 1941; restrictions on the Jews including deportation to forced labor; riots against the Jews; deportation to the Adutiskis Ghetto, August 1941; ghetto life; escape, 26 September 1941; escape to the Swir Ghetto; ghetto life including labor on the Alsewa estate; escape with Jews to Kabilnik; escape to Swirsky; life hidden by Jews; escape to Miadsol; life in Miadsol including labor making soap; escape to a forest; forest life including search after Soviet partisans; meets partisans and move by the partisans to a group of Jewish families; wanderings with a group of Jews between partisan units; receives potatoes from partisans; escape to the Soviet Union via the front in the Luki forest, December 1942; receives help from Soviet partisans; drafted by the Red Army; life in the Red Army at the war front; transfer to labor in mines in Siberia; escape, Rosh Hashana, 1945; return to Adutiskis; receives information about the murder of Adutiskis Jews, Stojaciszki Jews and Jews from the Swienciany district in a poligon.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="346">Pogroms and riots</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Swir,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Stojaciszki,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Belorussia (USSR)</geogname>
          <geogname>Adutiskis,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Miadsol,Postawy,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="843">Letter</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552433</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Avraham Gantownik, born in Stajaciskis, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in Stajetiskis, the Adutiskis Ghetto, Swieciany, with the partisans in the Plock forests and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

9 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Avraham Gantownik, born in Stajaciskis, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in Stajetiskis, the Adutiskis Ghetto, Swieciany, with the partisans in the Plock forests and other places Life before the war in Stajetiskis. Establishment of a local authority by the Lithuanians, 1940; German occupation; deportation with the Jews to the Adutiskis Ghetto; deportation to Swieciany; camp life; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews, 26 September 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; deportation of Jews from Widze and the Swieciany area, September 1942; escape to Postawy; escape to the Plock forests; life in forests including joining the partisans; liberation by the Red Army, 06 July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Plock,Plock,Warszawa,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Adutiskis,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Stojaciszki,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ponary,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552434</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Tuwia Solomiak, born in Ignalina, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in the Widze Ghetto, the Ignalina Ghetto, the Swieciany Ghetto, Podbrodzie and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

31 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-02-16 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Tuwia Solomiak, born in Ignalina, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in the Widze Ghetto, the Ignalina Ghetto, the Swieciany Ghetto, Podbrodzie and other places Life before the war in Ignalina. German occupation, 02 July 1941; abuse of Jews; restrictions on the Jews; activities against the Jews perpetrated by the Mayor Zidor, local elder Ceponis Viktorius and Police Commander Zilenas; murder of Jewish men, 12 July 1941; list of names of those who were murdered; list of names of the Lithuanian collaborators; establishment of a ghetto; ghetto life including looting of Jewish owned property; escape to the Widze Ghetto; receives information about the deportation of Jews from Ignalina to Swieciany; deportation of Jews from Subacius, Podbrodzie, Daugliskis, Kaltinenai and Swieciany to a poligon; murder of the Jews in the poligon; deportation to Podbrodzie; camp life; transfer to Dukstas; camp life; transfer to the Swieciany Ghetto, 28 March 1943; liquidation of the ghetto; escape to Rakuci; hidden by farmers in Rakuci; liberation by the Red Army, 07 July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="508">Labor camps</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Daugeliskis,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaltinenai,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Podbrodzie,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Dukstas,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ignalina,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Widze,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Subacius (Town),Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552435</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Zelik Gilinsky, born in Adutiskis, Lithuania, 1905, and Chasia Gilinsky, born in Ceikinia, Lithuania, 1903, regarding their experiences in Ceikiniai and hidden in farmers' homes</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Zelik Gilinsky, born in Adutiskis, Lithuania, 1905, and Chasia Gilinsky, born in Ceikinia, Lithuania, 1903, regarding their experiences in Ceikiniai and hidden in farmers' homes Life before the war; marriage and move to Ignalina, 1933. Escape to Ceikiniai, 19 June 1941; retreat of the Red Army, 23 June 1941; slaughter of Red Army soldiers by Lithuanians; German occupation; murder of Jews; restrictions on the Jews; activities against the Jews led by the Mayor Antanas Maskalunas and the Police Commissioner Cyzas; deportation of the Jews to forced labor in Rapiskis; guarding of Jewish homes by Lithuanians, 26 September 1941; the couple escape to the farmer Stempkowny; deportation of Jews from Ceikiniai and Nowe Swieciany, 27 September 1941; murder of Jews; life in hiding in a farmer's pig pen; escape to additional farmers; liberation by the Red Army, 10 July 1944; receives information about the murder of Jews from the Swieciany Ghetto in Ponary, autumn 1943; includes a list of Lithuanian perpetrators who murdered Jews in Ceikiniai.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001595">Maskalunas Antanas</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Nowo Swieciany,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Widze,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ponary,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552436</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Shmuel Reichel, born in Tverai, Lithuania, 1894, regarding his experiences in Tverai, in hiding in a forest and in hiding in Pakalniskis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-08-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Shmuel Reichel, born in Tverai, Lithuania, 1894, regarding his experiences in Tverai, in hiding in a forest and in hiding in Pakalniskis Life before the war in Tverai; the life of two Jewish families in Tverai. Outbreak of the war; German occupation; establishment of the Lithuanian police; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; deportation of the men to forced labor; ban on leaving the area; receives information about the murder of Jews in the area; the mayor tries to spread calm among the residents; detention by Lithuanian police, 26 September 1941; escape to a forest; receives information about the deportation of his family with two other families from Maligan; escape of the brother en route; receives information about the deportation of his family with Jews to Tashkin; receives information about the deportation of his family with Jews including local Jews to a poligon; life in hiding including meets his brother; life in Pakalniskis hidden in the home of the farmer Jonas Matkerius; life in hiding with his brother in the attic of the farmer's stable; liberation by the Red Army, 06 July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Maligan,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Tverai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552437</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Israel Bawarski, born in Podbrodzie, Lithuania, 1906, and Feigel Bawarski, born in Podbrodzie, Lithuania, 1924, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Podbroczie</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

12 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Israel Bawarski, born in Podbrodzie, Lithuania, 1906, and Feigel Bawarski, born in Podbrodzie, Lithuania, 1924, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Podbroczie Life in Podbrodzie before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jewish men by Lithuanians, 28 June 1941; includes a list of names of those murdered; deportation of Jews to forced labor; establishment of a Judenrat; establishment of a ghetto, September 1941; receives information about the forthcoming deportation to Niemenczyn camp; escape of Jews from a ghetto, 20 September 1941; capture of Jews; transfer of money and jewelry to the Germans, 23 September 1941; receives information about the murder of Niemenczyn Jews, 20 September 1941; liquidation of the ghetto, 26 September 1941; escape of Jews and hidden in farmers' homes in the area; deportation of Jews to a poligon; deportation of the Jews to Baranivka; murder of the Jews; includes a list of names of those murdered.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי ישראל]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Panevezys,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Podbrodzie,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Baranivka,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Ukraine (USSR)</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552438</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Malka Gilis, born in Kuliai, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in the Telsiai Ghetto, Geruliai and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

48 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Malka Gilis, born in Kuliai, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in the Telsiai Ghetto, Geruliai and in hiding Life in Kuliai before the war; move to Telsiai, 1932. . German occupation, 26 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews; looting of property; injury to the Jews by Lithuainians; deportation to forced labor; confiscation of valuables; murder of men, 14 July 1941; murder of additional men in 4 seperate groups; deportation with women and children to Geruliai, 22 July 1941; camp life; transfer to a camp of women and children from Laukuva, Varena, Zarenai, Rietavos and Luoke; activities by Platakys, the camp commander; murder of the sick and children are thrown alive to a pit; murder of elderly women; deportation with young women to the Telsiai Ghetto; 30 August 1941; transfer to forced labor for farmers; rape and murder of five women; death of babies; attempts to escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; murder of women in Telsiai by Lithuanians, 23-24 December 1941; rescue from murder with a group of women; hidden by the farmers Juozas and Baltmiskis; liberation; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1321">Killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="861">Morbidity</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="726">Religious life</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001136">Platakys</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Zarenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Varena,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rietavas,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Gargzdai,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Laukuva,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Geruliai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Luoke,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552439</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chana Pelts, regarding her experiences in Geruliai, the Telsiai Ghetto and in hiding in the Telsiai area</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chana Pelts, regarding her experiences in Geruliai, the Telsiai Ghetto and in hiding in the Telsiai area Life in Telsiai. German occupation, 27 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; deportation with the Jews to a lake in the area; abuse of Jewish men; deportation with the Jews to Geruliai; camp life; activities of Platakys, the camp commander; rape of Jewish women; looting; murder of four groups of Jewish men; murder of the rabbi from Telsiai; establishment of the Telsiai Ghetto; deportation with young women to the Telsiai Ghetto; ghetto life; receives information about the murder of women in the Geruliai camp, 30 August 1941; deportation to forced labor for farmers in the Telsiai area; forced labor with female friends for a farmer; escape to another farmer; the farmer offers a safe hiding place in exchange for money; thrown out by the farmer; receives information about the murder of women in the Telsiai Ghetto, 24 December 1941; escape to villages; in hiding in a church; escape to the brother of the priest; life including meeting with Jews from Telsiai, spring 1942; life with a Jew and with additional Jewish men who own weapons; receives protection by the Jews; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאנוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="726">Religious life</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001136">Platakys</persname>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001513">בלוך זלמן</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="2357">Geruliai,Camp,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="440">Telsiai,Ghetto</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552440</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Yente (Gershovitz) Alter, born in Upinas, Lithuania, 1924, regarding her experiences in Rietavas, Vieksniai, Geruliai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Dachau and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-21 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Yente (Gershovitz) Alter, born in Upinas, Lithuania, 1924, regarding her experiences in Rietavas, Vieksniai, Geruliai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Dachau and other places Life before the war; attends an elementary school; move to Rietavas, 1934; life in Rietavas. Soviet occupation, 1940; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jewish men; deportation to forced labor; deportation with Jews to Vieksniai; life in Vieksniai on an agricultural farm; deportation of Jews from Varniai, Tverai, Nevarenai, Zarenai, Alsedziai, Laukuva to an agricultural farm; murder of the men, 15 July 1941; deportation with women and children to Gerulai; life in Geruliai on an agricultural farm; rape of women; looting of money and jewelry; deportation with young women to the Telsiai Ghetto; receives information about the murder of women in Geruliai; deportation to forced labor for farmers in the Telsiai district; escape with women to forests; escape to Judeikiai; life in Judeikiai hidden in the Mickus brothers home; hidden by the farmer Andrijauskas in his home; receives information about the murder of women and children from Telsai in the Rainiai forest, 23 December 1941; transfer to a prison in Mazeikiai; transfer to a prison in Vieksniai; transfer to a prison in Siauliai; life in the Siauliai Ghetto; deportation to Linkaiciai camp; deportation to Stutthof camp; deportation to Dachau; liberation by the Red Army, 02 May 1945.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Varniai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zarenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vieksniai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Laukuva,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Rietavas,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Nevarenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Mazeikiai,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="177">Dachau,Camp,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552441</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chana Golemba, born in Varniai, Lithuania, 1907; regarding her experiences in Nevarenai, Geruliai, the Telsiai Ghetto and in hiding in Vaislaukiai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

20 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chana Golemba, born in Varniai, Lithuania, 1907; regarding her experiences in Nevarenai, Geruliai, the Telsiai Ghetto and in hiding in Vaislaukiai Life before the war; move with her husband to Telsiai, 1931; life in Telsiai. Air-raids by the German Air Force over Telsiai; escape to Nevarenai; life in Nevareni in the barn of a rabbi; looting of property by Lithuanians; abuse by Lithuanians; deportation to the Viesvenai farm; life on the farm including meeting with Jews from Varniai; deportation of Jews from Tverai to the farm; deportation of women and children from Zarenai to the farm; deportation of women and children from Luoke to the farm; life on the farm in stables and barns; the place is guarded by Lithuanians; abuse of men; murder of Jewish men; looting of property; deportation with women to Geruliai; camp life; murder of women, 23 August 1941; deportation with women to the Telsiai Ghetto; ghetto life; transfer to labor for farmers; escape to forests; escape to Vaislaukiai; life in Vaislaukiai in the home of the farmer Trilkauskas; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of Jewish property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="642">Persecution of the Jews of Lithuania</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Assistance to Jews-Lithuania</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject>Deportation to the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="329">Antisemitism - Lithuania</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Tverai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Nevarenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Luoke,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rietavas,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Plunge,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="2357">Geruliai,Camp,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zarenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Varniai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Viesvenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552442</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Dvora Zif, born in Luoke, Lithuania, 1927; regarding her experiences in Luoke, the Telsiai Ghetto, in hiding in Kalnenai, using a false identity in Plunge and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-27 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Dvora Zif, born in Luoke, Lithuania, 1927; regarding her experiences in Luoke, the Telsiai Ghetto, in hiding in Kalnenai, using a false identity in Plunge and other places Life in Luoke before the war. German occupation, 26 June 1941; escape of Jewish families to the Soviet Union; establishment of a Lithuanian civil administration led by the Lithuanians Vincas Mironas Venekus and others; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; restrictions on the Jews; forced contribution by the Jews in the total amount of 30,000 rubles; deportation to forced labor on the Gueliske agricultural farm; rape of women; murder of Jewish men, 15 July 1941; murder of sick and elderly; deportation with the women to the Geruliai agricultural farm; camp life including murder of women, 30 August 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; deportation with women to the Telsiai Ghetto; deportation to labor on the Degaiciu estate; life on the estate including labor; transfer to the Telsiai Ghetto; ghetto life including information about the murder of a relative; escape with her sister to a mine outside the ghetto; escape with her sister to a non-Jewish home in Kalnenai; life in hiding including conversion to Christianity; move of the sisters to various local farmers; move to a hairdresser in Plunge; life in Plunge and obtains forged documents; life using a false identity; identified by a non-Jew and escape to Kalnenai; escape to Rontrimas; escape to the Alsedziai area; village life in the area including meeting with her sister; move by a villager to Kalvarija; life using a false identity in the home of a Lithuanian perpetrator of murder of Jews; boasting by the Lithuanian of his participation in the murder of Jews in Alsedziai; escape to Kalninai; life in Kalninai; liberation by the Red Army, autumn 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject>Sick people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Luoke,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kalnenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552443</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Masza Raichman, born in Plunge, Lithuania, 1924, regarding her experiences in Plunge, Telsiai, the Siauliai Ghetto and hearsay witness to the fate of the Jews in Plunge</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-19 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Masza Raichman, born in Plunge, Lithuania, 1924, regarding her experiences in Plunge, Telsiai, the Siauliai Ghetto and hearsay witness to the fate of the Jews in Plunge Life in Plunge before the war. Outbreak of the war; German occupation, 26 July 1941; transfer of the local civil administration by the Lithuanians; Lithuanian leadership under the control of the Police Commissioner Sadanskas and Pabrieza; deportation of the men to a farm in Viesvenai; murder of men in Viesvenai, 16 July 1941; transfer of men, women and children from the synagogue to a cemetery; murder of the men, women and children by gun shot; escape with her family in a wagon; deportation by the German Army back to Lithuania; escape to Nashger; escape to Telsiai; detention by the Lithuanians; deportation to the Oiseviane estate; life on the estate with Jews from Telsiai; abuse of Jewish men; information about the murder of men, 15 July 1941; transfer with his younger brother to the Degaiciai estate; life on the estate in a barn; labor in agriculture; in hiding of his brother in the threshing floor; exposure of his brother and his labor with women; information from the supervisor about the murder of a relative; escape with his brother to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life until 20 September 1943; escape to the supervisor in the Degaiciai estate; move by the supervisor to be hidden by a farmer; escape to Telsiai; life in Telsiai hidden by the farmer woman Laurinaitene; liberation. Return to Plunge; life in Plunge; knowledge concerning the fate of the Jews during the war.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאנויוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="747">Cemeteries</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Geruliai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Plunge,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Viesvenai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>Record of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of names</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552444</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Aba Lison, regarding his experiences in the Kedainiai Ghetto, Vandziogala, in hiding in Medesai, with the partisans in the Pusca Rodnicka forest and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-11-10 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Aba Lison, regarding his experiences in the Kedainiai Ghetto, Vandziogala, in hiding in Medesai, with the partisans in the Pusca Rodnicka forest and other places Life in Kedainiai before the war. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; deportation to forced labor; murder of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators, 20 July 1941; deportation to a ghetto, 20 August 1941; ghetto life; deportation of Jews from Seta and Zeimiai to a ghetto; looting of property; escape to Vandziogala; escape to Medesai; life in hiding; life hidden by a farmer in Puzaiciai; meets with acquaintances from Kedainiai; receives information about the murder of Jewish men in Kedainiai; murder of Jewish women and children, 28 August 1941; meets a young Jewish woman; in hiding with the Jewish woman; escape with his brother and other Jews to a forest, spring 1942; life in a forest including buying a gun and food in villages; escape to the Lancunara forest and meets partisans; forest life in Pusca Rodnicka with the partisans; attack on an informer; escape to Skrebinai; escape to the Luncunava forest; liberation by the Red Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zeimiai,Kedainiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seta,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
          <geogname>Kedainiai,Kedainiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552445</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Moshe Krost, born in Kedainiai, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in Kedainiai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and Dachau</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-05-11 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Moshe Krost, born in Kedainiai, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in Kedainiai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and Dachau Life in Kedainiai before the war. German occupation; deportation to forced labor in an airfield; abuse of Jews; arrest and murder of Jewish youth by Lithuanian collaborators; desecration of religious articles; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life; "Aktion" against children; deportation to Stutthof; camp life; deportation to Dachau; camp life; liberation by the US Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Craftsmen</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kedainiai,Kedainiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="177">Dachau,Camp,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552446</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Yeshayahu Kromas, born in Raseiniai, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in Raseiniai, the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in the Raseiniai district and forests</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

27 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Yeshayahu Kromas, born in Raseiniai, Lithuania, 1900, regarding his experiences in Raseiniai, the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in the Raseiniai district and forests Life before the war in Raseiniai. German occupation, 24 July 1941; restrictions on the Jews; deportation to forced labor; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians led by Ruikis and Sabalauskas; establishment of a camp in a monastery in Jurbarkas; deportation to a camp; camp life; activities of the commander Rubsaitis and his assistants Grigelevicius and Kostas Norbutas; murder of men; includes a list of names of perpetrators; murder of women, 29 July 1941; release of his wife and daughter due to his combat service in the Lithuanian Army; receives a permit to stay in his home; receives information about the murder of the Jews, 29 August 1941; life in the family home until 08 March 1942; capture and transfer to a prison by Germans; rescue from shooting and deportation to the Kaunas Ghetto due to his contacts with the Lithuanian population; escape with the family to the Raseiniai district, Yom Kippur 1943; life in the district hidden in the homes of farmer acquaintances; approach of the Red Army; escape to forests; liberation by the Red Army. Receives information about the murder of Jews in Simkaiciai, Girkalnis, Betygala, Nemaksciai, Stakiai and Vidukle; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject>Jewish folk banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Nemaksciai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raseiniai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vidukle,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Simkaiciai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Girkalnis,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Betygala,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552447</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Yaakov Kaplan, regarding his experiences in Raseiniai, Vienelinases and a monastery</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

1 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Yaakov Kaplan, regarding his experiences in Raseiniai, Vianalinisas------- and a monastery Life in Raseiniai; deportation with Jewish men to ---------------; camp life; deportation of the men to Zeveliskiai by Lithuanian collaborators; receives information about the murder of men by Lithuanians; asks together with a friend a Lithuanian about the fate of the Jewish men; deportation with the friend to a monastery; deportation in a wagon for mental health patients and the handicapped in the direction of a killing pit; escape to a wood; hears the shooting of the Jews; receives information about the murder of women in Siauliai; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raseiniai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552448</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Dwora (Jankelewicz) Lazarsky, born in Arcogala, Lithuania, 1909, and Frida Perec, born in Vaiguva, Lithuania, 1924, regarding their experiences in Raseiniai, the Kaunas Ghetto and in hiding in Pabaltonis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

26 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Dwora (Jankelewicz) Lazarsky, born in Arcogala, Lithuania, 1909, and Frida Perec, born in Vaiguva, Lithuania, 1924, regarding their experiences in Raseiniai, the Kaunas Ghetto and in hiding in Pabaltonis Frida Perec: Life before the war in Vaiguva; move to Uzventis; learns in a high school; move to Kraziai; move to Taurage. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; escape to her mother-in-law Dwora Lazarsky in Raseiniai. Dwora Lazarsky: Life before the war; move to Raseiniai, 1920. Soviet occupation; escape of refugees Raseiniai, 22 June 1941; air-raids; German occupation, 24 June 1941. Frida and Dwora: Deportation to forced labor by Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews; deportation with the Jews to a camp in the area; separation between men and women; activities of the women's camp commander Norbutas; activities of the men's camp commander Grigelevicius; murder of men, 28 December 1941; murder of Jews by the Lithuanians Norbutas and Grigelevicius; escape and Jews are hidden by farmers in the area; escape of Jews to the Kaunas Ghetto; rape of women by Lithuanians; closure of the camp and release of the women; life in Raseiniai; Frida is hidden by a non-Jewish farmer in Pabaltonis; Dwora is hidden in a farmer's home; deportation of the Jews to an agricultural farm in Bieliunai, 26 August 1941; murder of the Jews, 27 August 1941; escape of Dwora to the Kaunas Ghetto; Dwora's life in the ghetto including an "Aktion"; escape of Dwora with two female relatives to Frida's hiding place in Pabltonis; escape with the help of the Lithuanian farmer Janus Januskevicius, 20 October 1943; Frida and Dwora's life hidden in the home of the farmer Janus Januskevicius; life in the farmer's home including Frida's work on the farm; liberation by the Red Army, 03 August 1944; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from camps</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Ariogala,Kedainiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raseiniai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552449</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Dina Zisa Flum, regarding her experiences in Raseiniai, the Siauliai Ghetto, in hiding in villages and hidden in farmers homes</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Original

15 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1945-04-04 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Dina Zisa Flum, regarding her experiences in Raseiniai, the Siauliai Ghetto, in hiding in villages and hidden in farmers homes Life in Raseiniai during the German occupation, 24 June 1941; retreat of the German Army; return of the German occupation, 26 June 1941; deportation to forced labor; detention of Jewish men and their transfer to a prison; deportation of men and women to a camp in a monastery in the Raseiniai area; deportation of men and women to forced labor; camp registration process with women and children; life with women and children in Raseiniai; view from in hiding of the murder of men by Lithuanian collaborators; "Aktion" led by the Grigelevicius brothers; murder of women and children; evacuation of the camp; abuse and murder of the Jews by the Lithuanian Kaupas and others; escape to a village and hidden in the home of the farmer Kazys Bartulis and other farmer's homes; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto, 1941; ghetto life; establishment of camps in the Siauliai district; deportation to forced labor; "Aktion" against children; escape and hidden in farmers homes; hidden by the farmer Kudovika Jukniene; liberation by the Red Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Raseiniai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552450</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chanan Levin regarding the extermination of the Jews of Kelm</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-31 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chanan Levin regarding the extermination of the Jews of Kelm]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="552">Ghettos and ghettoization</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="536">Murder of Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject>Murder of Jews by Lithuanians</subject>
          <subject>Operations against partisans, Soviet Union</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kelme,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552451</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Jakow Zak, born in Kelme, Lithuania, 1920, regarding his experiences in Kelme, in hiding in villages and a forest in the Raseiniai district</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

29 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-11-10 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Jakow Zak, born in Kelme, Lithuania, 1920, regarding his experiences in Kelme, in hiding in villages and a forest in the Raseiniai district Life in Kelme before the war. German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews led by Lithuanian Mayor Cesnys, his assistant Sidlauskas, Police Commissioner Barkauskas and collaborator Rickus; murder of Jews; deportation of Jews to forced labor; abuse of Jews; looting and murder of Jews; deportation to a camp; camp life; murder of Jews, July 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; murder of Jewish men by the collaborators Adamas Jurgelis, Juozas Merkelis and others, July-August 1941; escape from the murder site; murder of Jews from the area; escape to the Raseiniai district; in hiding in a forest and farmers homes in villages; attempt by Hirsh Cholozin to shoot Lithuanians; liberation by the Red Army, 1944. Revenge on the Lithuanian collaborator Stasys Gedminas, who killed many Jews in Siauliai and Uzventis; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="212">Resistance</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Uzventis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vaiguva,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kelme,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of names</genreform>
          <genreform>Record of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552452</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chaya Roz, born in Kelme, Lithuania, 1885, regarding her experiences in Kelme, the Siauliai Ghetto and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

23 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-07-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chaya Roz, born in Kelme, Lithuania, 1885, regarding her experiences in Kelme, the Siauliai Ghetto and in hiding Life before the war in Kelme; attends an elementary school; work as a seamstress; relations with the Lithuanian population. Outbreak of the war; establishment of a civil authority led by the Lithuanians Lopata, Cesnys and Rickus; murder of Jews; establishment of camps in the Raseiniai district; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation to forced labor; murder of Jews, August 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder; murder of Jews, 28 August 1941; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life; escape; hidden by the farmer Juozas Bartkevicius; liberation by the Red Army. Reunion with his son; draft of his son to the Red Army; death of his son in combat.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="672">Culture</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Padubysis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vaiguva,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kelme,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Lioliai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552453</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chana (Magidovits) Goldman, born in Jurbarkas, Lithuania, 1920, regarding her experiences in Jurbarkas, Kaunas, Slobodka, the Kaunas Ghetto, Stutthof and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

17 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-16 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chana (Magidovits) Goldman, born in Jurbarkas, Lithuania, 1920, regarding her experiences in Jurbarkas, Kaunas, Slobodka, the Kaunas Ghetto, Stutthof and other places Life in Jurbarkas before the war. Outbreak of the war; escape of Jewish youth to the Soviet Union; German occupation, 22 June 1941; activities against the Jews by Lithuanians led by the Mayor Gegner Saukaitis, the Vakseliai brothers and others; abuse of Jews; drowning of Jews in a river; desecration of religious articles; murder of men in a Jewish cemetery; includes a list of names of those murdered; murder of children, women, elderly and sick in a forest in the area; establishment of a camp in the area; transfer to the camp; camp life including murder of Jewish women, September 1941; looting of property; murder of Jews, 12 September 1941; escape to Kaunas Slobodka, 28 October 1941; escape to the Kaunas Ghetto; ghetto life including meeting with her sister; "Aktion" and rescue; life in the Panevezyz Ghetto; deportation to Stutthof; camp life; liberation by the Red Army, 10 March 1945. Receives information about the murder of the Jews from Skirshemune with Jews from Jurbarkas; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from camps</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Sick people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaunas-Slobodka,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jurbarkas,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Gdansk,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>Skirsnemune,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552454</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Bela Mering, born in Jurbarkas, Lithuania, 1908, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Jurbarkas</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-16 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Bela Mering, born in Jurbarkas, Lithuania, 1908, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Jurbarkas Life before the war in Kaunas. Outbreak of the war; arrest of Jews including her husband; murder of Jews including her husband in Fort 9, 08 August 1941; ghetto life; escape of her brother from Jurbarkas to a ghetto; receives information about the murder of women, children and the elderly from Jurbarkas in Kalneniai; murder of the men in Kalneniai; murder of the men from Jurberkas; liquidation of the Kaunas Ghetto.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Ninth Fort in Kovno</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jurbarkas,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Fort 9,Murder Site,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552455</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Elke Flaks, born in Kraziai, Lithuania, 1923, regarding her experiences in Kaunas, the Soviet Union, the Red Army in Lithuania and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Kraziai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

10 pages/frames</physdesc>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Elke Flaks, born in Kraziai, Lithuania, 1923, regarding her experiences in Kaunas, the Soviet Union, the Red Army in Lithuania and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Kraziai Life before the war; move to Kaunas, 1939; life in Kaunas and attends a high school. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; escape with her father to the Soviet Union; life within the Red Army; transfer within the Red Army to Lithuania, 1944; release from the Red Army; visit in Kraziai; receives information about the German occupation in Kraziai, 24 June 1941; activities against the Jews by Lithuanians led by Kaminskas; the hanging of two Jews in Lioliai; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation to forced labor; abuse of Jews; murder of men, 22 July 1941; murder of women in the Kuptis Forest; attempt by some Jews to escape the killing pit; deportation of children to forced labor; murder of children; escape of children and in hiding in a forest; escape of Avraham Preis to the Siauliai Ghetto; Preis finds a hiding place with them at farmers; liberation of Avraham by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="212">Resistance</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kraziai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Lioliai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552456</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Hirsh Hirshovich, born in Vidukle, Lithuania, 1928, regarding his experiences in Vidukle, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof, Dachau and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-11 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Hirsh Hirshovich, born in Vidukle, Lithuania, 1928, regarding his experiences in Vidukle, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof, Dachau and other places Life in Vidukle before the war. German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; looting of property and abuse of Jews by Lithuanians; deportation to forced labor; murder of men; murder of men from Nemaksciai; murder of women and children; activities against the Jews by Lithuanian police; escape to a village; hidden in the home of the farmer Petraitis; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life; deportation to Stutthof camp; escape to Dachau; liberation by the US Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: הירשאוויטש הירש]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Vidukla,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
          <geogname>Nemaksciai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="177">Dachau,Camp,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552457</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Peshe Icikovic, born in Vidukle, Lithuania, 1922, regarding her experiences in Vidukle and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-15 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Peshe Icikovic, born in Vidukle, Lithuania, 1922, regarding her experiences in Vidukle and in hiding Life in before the war. German occupation; looting of Jewish owned property by Lithuanians; concentration of the Jews in a square; transfer of the men to a train station; transfer of the men from Nemaksciai to a train station; labor in a train station; witness to Lithuanian abuse of the men; murder of the men; list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder; escape to a village and hidden by a farmer; receives a letter from an aunt; receives knowledge of the transfer of women, children and elderly to houses close to the synagogue; murder of women, children, elderly and sick to a cemetery; liberation.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject>Sick people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Nemaksciai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vidukle,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552458</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Basye Bloch, born in Tytuvenai, Lithuania, 1917; regarding her experiences in the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Tytuvenai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-07-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Basye Bloch, born in Tytuvenai, Lithuania, 1917; regarding her experiences in the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Tytuvenai Life before the war; move to Siauliai, 1933. Ghetto life; deportation to Stutthof; camp life; release; list of names of collaborators; receives information about the experiences of the Tytuvenai Jews from two Jewish women; receives information about the local German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; establishment of a local civil authority led by the Lithuanian Ruseckis and others; arrest of Jews; transfer of the Jews to a prison in Raseiniai; list of names of inmates; deportation to forced labor; murder of the Jews of Tytuvenai, 1941. Includes names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Tytuvenai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raseiniai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552459</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Itzkhok Feinstein, born in Raseiniai, Lithuania, 1912, and Zelda (Kaduszin) Feinstein, regarding Yitzhak's experiences in Stakiai, in hiding in a forest in the Raseiniai area, and Zelda's experiences in a forest in the Raseiniai area,</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-02-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Itzkhok Feinstein, born in Raseiniai, Lithuania, 1912, and Zelda (Kaduszin) Feinstein, regarding Yitzhak's experiences in Stakiai, in hiding in a forest in the Raseiniai area, and Zelda's experiences in a forest in the Raseiniai area, Misku and in hiding in Barzdziu Yitzhak Feinstein: Life before the war; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jews, 09 August 1941; in hiding in a village in the Raseiniai area; life hidden in the home of the farmer Endrijatis Bendzius Antanas; life in the home of other farmers; receives information about the murder of the Jews from Siline; escape to surrounding forests in the Raseiniai area; life in a forest with Jewish friends; help from Jews that escaped the Kaunes Ghetto including family members; Jews from the Kaunas Ghetto are hidden by the farmer Jonas Bakysys and in forests; life in bunkers with Jews from Kaunas; separation from the group of Jews from Kaunas; murder of the Jews from Kaunas; list of names of Lithuanians that participated in the murder; receives information about the rescue of five Jews from the group; murder of Jews from Raudone by the Lithuanian Police Commissioner Juozos Pozereckas and others; liberation by the Red Army, 08 October 1944. Zelda (Kaduszin) Feinstein: Life in a bunker with Jews from Kaunas; capture of a group of Jews from Kaunas and their murder; escape and injured in the finger by a German who shot at him; in hiding in a tree trunk; escape and return to the bunker; escape to Misku; escape with the help of a farmer to Barzdziu; life hidden in a farmer's home; liberation, 07 October 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Stakiai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raseiniai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raudone,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of names</genreform>
          <genreform>Names of rescuers</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552460</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Noach Ostrenski, born in Vievis, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in Vievis, Semeliskes and testimony of non-Jews regarding the murder of Jews from Vievis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Typewritten original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-06-17 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="deu" encodinganalog="3.4.3">German</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Noach Ostrenski, born in Vievis, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in Vievis, Semeliskes and testimony of non-Jews regarding the murder of Jews from Vievis Noach Ostrenski: Deportation with Jews to Semeliskes; life in detention in Semeliskes with local Jews; abuse of Jews by the Lithuanian Simas Afanavicius; robbery of Jews by Lithuanians; murder of Jews; Afanavicius's participation in murder. Testimony of the non-Jews Ursula Urbaniatyte, Elena Volkoviene, Mikulis and Pieteris Jonas about the murder of Jews from Vievis by Lithuanians.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552461</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Reply of Leib Koniuchowski to an unidentified Jewish man from his city dated 26 January 1949</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Typewritten copy

1 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1949-05-23 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Reply of Leib Koniuchowski to an unidentified Jewish man from his city dated 26 January 1949 The letter focuses on the following: the Gilis family life in Kretinga; the sisters Chaya and Zelda Gilis from Kaunas who live in England; and the murder of the family members from Lithuania of the man to whom the letter is addressed.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="227">Search for relatives</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kretinga,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="843">Letter</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552462</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Article by Yaacov Rabinovitz, born in Telsiai, Lithuania, published in the Forverts newspaper regarding the murder of the Jews of Telsiai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-15 -</unitdate>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Article by Yaacov Rabinovitz, born in Telsiai, Lithuania, published in the Forverts newspaper regarding the murder of the Jews of Telsiai Jewish town life before the war; employment and cultural life; "Etz Haim" yeshiva; teachers college; school; "Batei Midrash" (religious study halls) and other institutions. German occupation; desecration of religious articles by Lithuanian collaborators; looting of property; restrictions on Jews; arrest of Jews; abuse and murder of Jews by Lithuanians; deportation of Jews from Rietavas, Varniai and Plunge to a forest; murder of Jews; murder of Chaim Rabinovitz, head of the yeshiva; murder of the Jews from Telsiai; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="672">Culture</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="726">Religious life</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Telsiai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rietavas,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Plunge,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Varniai,Telsiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Newspaper clippings</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552463</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Abraham Tewie Chaimowicz, regarding his experiences in the Panevezys Ghetto and the Siauliai Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">Check criteria -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Abraham Tewie Chaimowicz, regarding his experiences in the Panevezys Ghetto and the Siauliai Ghetto Life before the war; unsuccessful attempt to escape to the Soviet Union; escape back to Lithuania; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; life in the Panevezys Ghetto; restrictions on the Jews; arrest of Jews; deportation to forced labor; deportation to the Siauliai Ghetto; the continuation of the witness' experiences in Seduva can be seen in testimony O/71/64.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seduva,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Panevezys,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552464</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Dora Fish and Ida Fish, regarding their experiences in Taurage, Panevezys, the Kaunas Ghetto, the Danzig area and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-04-30 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Dora Fish and Ida Fish, regarding their experiences in Taurage, Panevezys, the Kaunas Ghetto, the Danzig area and other places Life in Taurage including air-raids; escape to Panevezys, 25 June 1941; German occupation, 26 June 1941; establishment of a civil authority led by Lithuanians; Jews commit suicide; detention and murder of men in a prison; detention and murder of women; escape to Kaunas; ghetto life; deportation to camps in Germany; life in the Danzig area; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Seduva,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Panevezys,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Gdansk,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552465</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony (hearsay) of Y. (Mink) Malk, regarding the experiences of the Jews of Panevezys</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-06-06 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony (hearsay) of Y. (Mink) Malk, regarding the experiences of the Jews of Panevezys Receives information from survivors after the war; deportation of wealthy Jews from Panevezys to Siberia by the Soviets; German occupation, 29 July 1941; establishment of a ghetto; deportation of the Jews from the area to the ghetto; detention of the men in a prison; murder of the men in a forest near Panevezys by the Lithuaians Potapas and Kazis Jasilionis; murder of elderly women and children; murder of Jews from Krekeneva, Ramygala, Raguva and Panevezys.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Krekenava,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ramygala,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raguva,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Panevezys,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552466</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Abraham Tewie Chaimovitz, Sonia Grad and others, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Seduva</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Abraham Tewie Chaimovitz, Sonia Grad and others, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Seduva Sonia Grad: Life in Siauliai before the war. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; escape with her husband in the direction of the Soviet Union; escape to Seduva, 25 June 1941; life in Seduva; German occupation, 26 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; deportation of Jews to a camp; abuse of the youths; escape with documents her husband obtained; escape to Siauliai; receives information about the deportation of the Seduva Jews to Panevczys. Abraham Chaimovitz: Outbreak of the war and family life in Siauliai; escape attempt in the direction of the Soviet Union; arrival to forests in Latvia; German deportation order to a prison in Dvinsk; release from the prison with 200 refugees from Latvia; transfer to Ezerenai; transfer to Utena; transfer to Kavrskas; deportation to the Panevezys Ghetto; ghetto life; deportation of the witness with a group to Seduva camp; forced contribution; forced labor at the train station and cleaning streets; abuse of Jews; murder of ten Jews from the camp; names of Judenrat members in Seduva, Jakub Kuper, Schmuel Nol and Potorski; Petrauskas, a Lithuanian collaborator; deportation to Siauliai after three weeks; information about the extermination of the Seduva Jews; "Aktion" against children in Siauliai including the witness' children; deportation of the witness to camps in Germany; liberation. Chaia Krawitz: Life with approximately 180 Jewish families in Seduva until 1940; most of the Jews earned their livelihood from commerce and agriculture; Jewish school, library, synagogue; relations with the non-Jewish local population. Esther Bekin-Analik born in Radviliskiai: Visit of the witness in Seduva after the war; visit to the cemetery in a forest five-six k.m. from Seduva; there are no signs of the murder of the Jews in the cemetery; information about the murder of the Seduva Jews by shooting, 25 August 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="552">גטאות וגטואיזציה*</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>"Aktions" against Children</subject>
          <subject>"Aktions" in the Ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="551">Liquidation of a ghetto</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="536">Murder of Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="518">Deportation of Jews</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from deportation</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="545">Ghettos</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seduva,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Raguva,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Panevezys,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>Kavarskas,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ezerenai,Zarasai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Dvinsk,Daugavpils,Latgale,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>Utena,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of survivors</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552467</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Frida Linkovski, born in Viesintos, Lithuania, 1917, regarding the experiences of the Viesintos Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-06 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Frida Linkovski, born in Viesintos, Lithuania, 1917, regarding the experiences of the Viesintos Jews Life before the war. German occupation, 27 June 1941; transfer of the local authority by the Lithuanians; arrest of Jews by Lithuanians; deportation to forced labor; arrest of young men and their murder; includes a list of names of those who were murdered; murder of Jews with the Jews from Panevezys; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Viesintos,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552468</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chaya (Reif) Chasman, born in Skudas, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in Skuodas</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-15 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chaya (Reif) Chasman, born in Skudas, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in Skuodas Life in Skuodas before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jews; establishment of a local authority by Lithuanians; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jews, 27-29 June 1941; murder of women and children, 07 July 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jews in Darbenai.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Darbenai,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Skuodas,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552469</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Eliahu Reif, born in Skuodas, Lithuania, 1914, regarding his experiences in the Siauliai Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Skuodas Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-04-03 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Eliahu Reif, born in Skuodas, Lithuania, 1914, regarding his experiences in the Siauliai Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Skuodas Jews Life in Skuodas before the war. Ghetto life in Siauliai; receives information from Jews about the experiences of the Jews in Skuodas during the war; receives information about the German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jews; establishment of a local authority by Lithuanians; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jews, 27-29 June 1941; strangulation of a Lithuanian by a Jew and then the murder of the Jew; transfer of women and children to the Demitrava estate; murder of Jewish women and children, 07 July 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסיק לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
          <geogname>Skuodas,Kretinga,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552470</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Sheine Sonia Beder, born in Birzai, Lithuania, 1923, regarding her experiences in Birzai, Pabirze, in hiding in Telsiai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Dachau and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Sheine Sonia Beder, born in Birzai, Lithuania, 1923, regarding her experiences in Birzai, Pabirze, in hiding in Telsiai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Dachau and other places Life in Birzai before the war. Outbreak of the war; Jews escape in the direction of the Soviet Union; murder of the escapees by the Lithuanians; German occupation, 25 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews including deportation to forced labor; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; abuse of young Jewish women by Lithuanians; arrest and murder of Jewish men; includes a list of names of Jews that were murdered; murder of the Jews in the Astrovas forest; escape to Pabirze; escape to Telsiai; life in Telsiai; hidden by Raciukaitis, a Lithuanian engineer; obtains forged documents; escape to villages and towns; life in the Siauliai Ghetto; deportation to camps in Germany; life in Dachau camp; transfer to Tirol; escape with a female friend.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="329">Antisemitism</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Birzai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="177">Dachau,Camp,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552471</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Feige Jankelewicz, born in Birzai, Lithuania, 1923, and Pola (Rigmant) Elperin, born in Birzai, Lithuania, 1926, regarding the experiences of the Jews of Birzai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-08-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Feige Jankelewicz, born in Birzai, Lithuania, 1923, and Pola (Rigmant) Elperin, born in Birzai, Lithuania, 1926, regarding the experiences of the Jews of Birzai Jewish life before the war in Birzai. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; escape of families in the direction of the Soviet Union; German occupation; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews; deportation of Jews to forced labor in fields; deportation of Jews to labor on the Ostrovas Farm; labor of Jews on the farm picking peat; riots and murder of Jews by Lithuanians; establishment of a ghetto; Jewish life in the ghetto; forced contributions; murder of Jews in Ostrovas near the farm, 06 August 1941; includes names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="695">Theater</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Birzai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552472</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Beynish Kretshmer, Toibe and Moshe Gutman, regarding the experiences of the Jews from Pasvalys, Vabalninkas, Salociai, Daujenai and Joniskelis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-08-13 -</unitdate>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Beynish Kretshmer, Toibe and Moshe Gutman, regarding the experiences of the Jews from Pasvalys, Vabalninkas, Salociai, Daujenai and Joniskelis Jewish life in Pasvalys before the war. German occupation, 28 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews led by Lithuanian Police Commissioner Uosys and the collaborator Maldutis; looting of property; detention of Jewish men; transfer of the men to a prison in Siauliai; murder of Jewish men in the forest near Kuziai, 15 August 1941; murder of women from Pasvalys in the forest near Kuziai, 26 August 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; murder of sick Jews from Vabalninkas in Birzai; murder of Jews in the Zadeikeliai forest. Jewish life before the war in Salociai. German occupation of Salociai, 28 June 1941; deportation of the Jews to Pasvalys; murder of the Jews in Pasvalys; murder of the Jews from Daujenai and Joniskelis in Pasvalys.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pasvalys,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kuziai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskelis,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Daujenai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Salociai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vabalninkas,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552473</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Cipe (Todes) Melamed, born in Joniskelis, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in Joniskelis, the Pasvalys Ghetto and in hiding in the Birzai district</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

19 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Cipe (Todes) Melamed, born in Joniskelis, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in Joniskelis, the Pasvalys Ghetto and in hiding in the Birzai district Life in Joniskelis before the war. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians led by Juozas Brazinskas and Juozas Jurgaitis; "Aktion" against the men, concentration of the Jews in one street; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation to the Pasvalys Ghetto, 19 August 1941; ghetto life; deportation of Jews to a ghetto from the villages Sabanas, Papile, Salociai, Vabalninkas and Jewish men from Birzai; murder of men in the Zadeikeliai forest, 26 August 1941; murder of Jews, 26-27 August 1941; escape from the killing pit; in hiding in villages from the Birzi district; hidden by the farmer Antonas Banelis; liberation by the Red Army, August 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Papile,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pasvalys,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Salociai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vabalninkas,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Birzai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskelis,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552474</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Mendl Davidson, born in Turmantas, Lithuania, 1914, regarding his experiences in Turmantas, in hiding in the Driswet area, Breslav and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

23 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-12-21 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Mendl Davidson, born in Turmantas, Lithuania, 1914, regarding his experiences in Turmantas, in hiding in the Driswet area, Breslav and other places Life before the war in Turmantas; attends a Polish elementary school; work as a merchant. German occupation, 26 June 1941; deportation to forced labor; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation with Jews to the Cepukiskis farm; farm life including labor for farmers; murder of Jews in a forest in the area, 11 August 1941; escape to farmers; receives information from a farmer about the murder of the Jews in the Deguciai forest, 26 August 1941; receives information about the experiences of the Jews in Rimse, Smalvos, Dukstas, Zarasai and Salakas; murder of the Jews from the Zarasai area, August 1941; escape to the Driswet area; life in Driswet including hidden in a farmers home; escape to Breslav, Succot 1941; life in Breslav; Judenrat activities; receives information about the establishment of a ghetto; escape and hidden by farmers in their homes; liberation by the Red Army, 23 July 1944. Return to Turmantas.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Dukstas,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Driswet,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Deguciai Forest,Murder Site,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Breslav,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Zarasai,Zarasai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Turmantas,Braslaw,Wilno,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552475</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Moshe Sondak, born in Turmantas, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in Turmantas and forests in the Vilna district</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-29 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Moshe Sondak, born in Turmantas, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in Turmantas and forests in the Vilna district German occupation; establishment of a civil administration headed by Petras Makauskas; murder of Jews, 11 August 1941; hidden by the farmer Adam Biganskis; life in hiding; life in forests in the Vilna district; liberation.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Turmantas,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
          <geogname>Zarasai,Zarasai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552476</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Yerachmiel Bieliak, born in Braslaw, Poland, 1906, regarding his experiences in Braslaw and with the partisans: Testimony of Sheine Aran, born in Rimse, Poland, 1917, regarding her experiences in the Vilna Ghetto, the Warsaw Ghetto, Eesti and</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-11-27 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Yerachmiel Bieliak, born in Braslaw, Poland, 1906, regarding his experiences in Braslaw and with the partisans: Testimony of Sheine Aran, born in Rimse, Poland, 1917, regarding her experiences in the Vilna Ghetto, the Warsaw Ghetto, Eesti and collective hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Rimse Yerachmiel Bieliak: Life before the war in Braslaw. Outbreak of the war; murder of Jews, 1942; life with the Soviet partisans; liberation by the Red Army. Life in Rimse. Sheine Aran: Life before the war in Rimse; move to Vilna, 1939. Outbreak of the war; life in Vilna; ghetto life; escape with a group of youths to the Warsaw Ghetto; escape back to the Vilna Ghetto; escape to the Eesti camp. Receives information about Jewish life in Rimse before the war. Annexation to Lithuania, 1940; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; German occupation, 26 June 1941; transfer of the civil authority by the Lithuanians; looting of Jewish owned property by Lithuanians; deportation of Jews to forced labor; arrest of Jewish youths; deportation of youths to Paukstis; murder of youths; murder of Jews, 26 August 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסיק לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Estonia</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rimšė,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552477</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Golda (Aron) Jed, born in Anyksciai, Lithuania, 1918, regarding her experiences in the Anyksciai Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-17 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Golda (Aron) Jed, born in Anyksciai, Lithuania, 1918, regarding her experiences in the Anyksciai Ghetto Life before the war; attends a Jewish sciences high school. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; German occupation, 25 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; transfer with Jews to a synagogue; abuse of Jews; murder of young men in the courtyard of the synagogue; release of breast feeding women, elderly women and children from the synagogue; release of refugees from Kaunas; release from the synagogue; establishment of a ghetto in a local forest; deportation to the ghetto; ghetto life including guarding of the ghetto by Lithuanians; transfer of the Jews to Utena; murder of Jews in Utena; escape of the Jews to the Kaunas Ghetto.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Anyksciai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Utena,Murder Site</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552478</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Zalmen Bregman, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1902, and Galia Bregman, born in Vilna, Poland, 1906, regarding their experiences in Vilkomir, Anyksciai, the Kaunas Ghetto and camps in Germany</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1941-12-17 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Zalmen Bregman, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1902, and Galia Bregman, born in Vilna, Poland, 1906, regarding their experiences in Vilkomir, Anyksciai, the Kaunas Ghetto and camps in Germany Life before the war in Kaunas. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; escape with family in a cart, 23 June 1941; escape with a cart to Vilkomir; life in Vilkomir including air-raids; escape in a cart to Anyksciai, 25 June 1941; life in Anyksciai including medical treatment; stealing of the horses by the Lithuanians; German occupation; deportation with the Jews to a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall) by Lithuanians, 26 June 1941; abuse and murder of Jews by Lithuanians; escape from the "Beit Midrash"; capture by Lithuanians and transfer back to the "Beit Midrash"; life in the "Beit Midrash"; murder of men and rape of women by Lithuanians; protection by the Germans from the Lithuanians; receives permission to return to Kaunas; escape of the family to the Kaunas Ghetto; deportation to camps in Germany.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Anyksciai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilkija,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Utena,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552479</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Efraim Veinpres, born in Joniskis, Lithuania, 1927, regarding his experiences in Joniskis, Svencioneliaia, the Braslaw Ghetto, Vilna, Stuttgart and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-04-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Efraim Veinpres, born in Joniskis, Lithuania, 1927, regarding his experiences in Joniskis, Svencioneliaia, the Braslaw Ghetto, Vilna, Stuttgart and other places Life before the war. German occupation, 27 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews, 28 June 1941; murder of Jews led by the Lithuanian collaborators Zelenas and Mazeika; murder of Jews in the Armeny forest in the poligon region, 30 June 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; restrictions on the Jews; forced contributions; murder of Jews, 08 July 1941; escape to Svencioneliai; life in Svencioneliai; murder of Jews, 08 October 1941; escape and wanderings in Belorussia; life in the Braslaw Ghetto; deportation to a camp in the Vilna area; camp life including escape attempt to partisans in forests; detention and transfer to a prison in Vilna; transfer to a camp in Estonia; transfer to Stutthoff camp; transfer to Stuttgart; camp life; liberation by the US Army, 30 April 1945; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="268">Information concerning extermination</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Braslaw,Braslaw,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Belorussia (USSR)</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="551">Klooga,Camp,Estonia</geogname>
          <geogname>Ponary,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Dukstas,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Estonia</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Svencioneliai,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="2675">Stuttgart,Camp,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Saldutiskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552480</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of David Balas, born in Alunta, Lithuania, 1929, and Doba Balas, born in Alunta, Lithuania, 1923, regarding their experiences in Moletai, Gedraiciai, in hiding in Sesuoliai, and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Alunta Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of David Balas, born in Alunta, Lithuania, 1929, and Doba Balas, born in Alunta, Lithuania, 1923, regarding their experiences in Moletai, Gedraiciai, in hiding in Sesuoliai, and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Alunta Jews Life before the war in Alunta; riots against Jews, 1939. Soviet occupation; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; escape to Moletai; escape to Gedraiciai; escape to Sesuoliai; life in Sesuoliai hidden in the home of Vitutas Zvindulis, a farmer; liberation by the Red Army. Return to Alunta; life in Alunta; receives information about the experiences of the Jews in Alunta; establishment of a civil authority by Lithuanians led by Jarkutis; German occupation; activities of Girdrilys, the Police Commissioner; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews by Girdrilys Klimanskis and others; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="346">Pogroms and riots</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="329">Antisemitism</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Alunta,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Moletai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552481</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Braine (Kor) Rotholc, born in Rokiskis, Lithuania, 1925, regarding her experiences in Rokiskis and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Rokiskis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Braine (Kor) Rotholc, born in Rokiskis, Lithuania, 1925, regarding her experiences in Rokiskis and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Rokiskis L:ife before the war in Rokiskis. Soviet occupation, 1940; German occupation, 27 June 1941; escape. Receives information after the war about the experiences of the Jews in Rokiskis; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators led by Stasiulionis; includes a list of names of perpetrators of murder and robbery of Jews; deportation of Jews to forced labor; murder of Jewish women, 20 August 1941; murder of Jews, August 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rokiskis,Rokiskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552482</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony Efraim Sapira, born in Rokiskis, Lithuania, 1926, regarding his experiences in Rokiskis, the Soviet Union and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Rokiskis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">Check criteria -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony Efraim Sapira, born in Rokiskis, Lithuania, 1926, regarding his experiences in Rokiskis, the Soviet Union and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Rokiskis Life before the war in Rokiskis. Soviet occupation; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; escape with the Red Army to the Soviet Union; life in the Soviet Union. Return to Rokiskis, 1946; life in Rokiskis; receives information about the experiences of the Jews in Rokiskis; Jewish members of the Komsomol receive weapons; combat of the Jews against the rioting Lithuanians; German occupation, 28 June 1941; murder of Jews, August 1941; murder of Jews of Obeliai, 12 August 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="329">Antisemitism</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="315">Children's homes</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rokiskis,Rokiskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552483</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Meier Koren, born in Lida, Poland, 1899, regarding his experiences in Vievis, Semeliskes, the Kaunas Ghetto and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

11 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-12 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Meier Koren, born in Lida, Poland, 1899, regarding his experiences in Vievis, Semeliskes, the Kaunas Ghetto and in hiding Jewish life before the war; move to Vievis, 1936. Soviet occupation, 1940; German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; looting of property and murder of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators; deportation of Jews to Semeliskes 22 September 1941; life in Semeliskes; rescue with the help of an acquaintance from work; receives permission to continue work as a factory manager; return transfer to Vievis; smuggle of his daughter to Vievis; return transfer to Semeliskes; secretly digs with his sons in the detention cellar; release and escape to Vievis; life in Vievis including a meeting with his daughter; his sons are in hiding and escape; meets his sons; receives information about the murder of Jews, 06-07 October 1941; murder of Jews of Zasliai in Semeliskes; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; in hiding with the family; life in hiding in a Polish workers home, 1941-28 April 1942; in hiding in the homes of farmers Stachovskis and Franz Skarubskis; escape to the Kaunas Ghetto, 19 August 1942; escape and hidden with friends by the Russian Mikdas Simelis; liberation, 13 July 1944; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Zasliai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552484</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">An anonymous testimony regarding the experiences of the Vievis Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-06-09 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[An anonymous testimony regarding the experiences of the Vievis Jews Jewish life before the war in Vievis. German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; looting of property; deportation of Jews to forced labor; Lithuanian Police Commission Vasilauskas introduces forced contributions by the Jews; establishment of a Judenrat; deportation of Jews to the Semeliskes Ghetto, 22 September 1941; murder of the Jews together with the Jews from Zasliai and Semeliskes, 6-7 October 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zasliai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552485</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony (hearsay) of Meier Koren, born in Lida, Poland, 1899, regarding the Jews of Kaisiadorys Testimony (hearsay) of Meier Koren, born in Lida, Poland, 1899, regarding the Jews of Kaisiadorys</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-01 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony (hearsay) of Meier Koren, born in Lida, Poland, 1899, regarding the Jews of Kaisiadorys Life before the war in Vievis; receives information about the Jews in Kaisiadorys; Jewish life in Kaisiadorys before the war. German occupation, 24 June 1941; arrest of Jews; looting of property; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians under the leadership of Skorobogat; deportation of the Jews from Zasliai and Ziezmariai to Kaisiadorys; murder of Jews in the Vladikiskis forest, 26 August 1941; murder of the women and children from Ziezmariai in Triliskis; murder of the women and children from Zasliai, Vievis and Semeliskes in Semeliskes, 06 October 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaisiadorys,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zasliai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ziezmariai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552486</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Reine (Berkman) Slom, born in Zasliai, Lithuania, 1909, regarding her experiences in Kaunas, Alytus, Ziezmariai, Zasliai and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-05-15 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Reine (Berkman) Slom, born in Zasliai, Lithuania, 1909, regarding her experiences in Kaunas, Alytus, Ziezmariai, Zasliai and other places Life before the war; move to Kaunas, life in Kaunas including work as a teacher. Outbreak of the war; escape with her husband towards the Soviet Union; escape to Alytus due to the driver's mistake; escape to the Sufjaniskis farm; life on the Sufjaniskis farm; German occupation; escape to Ziezmariai; escape to Zasliai; life in Zasliai; murder of Jews; restrictions on Jews; Lithuanian collaborators activities; Raisys and Stankevicius, Lithuanian collaborators leadership; looting of property; deportation to forced labor; deportation of the men to Kaisiadorys; murder of Jews, 27 August 1941; escape to Vievis; information about the murder of Jews in Ziezmariai, 29 August 1941; murder of Jews from Vievis; Zasliai and Semeliskes, 06 October 1941; escape and hidden by farmers; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaisiadorys,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ziezmariai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zasliai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552487</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Jehuda Barilas, born in Ziezmariai, Lithuania, 1919, and Reine (Slom) Berkman, born in Zasliai, Lithuania, 1909, regarding the murder of Jews of Ziezmariai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-04-15 -</unitdate>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Jehuda Barilas, born in Ziezmariai, Lithuania, 1919, and Reine (Slom) Berkman, born in Zasliai, Lithuania, 1909, regarding the murder of Jews of Ziezmariai Yehuda Barelis: Life before the war. Jews escape to the Soviet Union; German occupation, 25 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; murder of a young woman named Bluma Ilansky; receives information from a farmer about the deportation of men to the Trakai district near Kaisiadorys; murder of men, 27 August 1941; murder of women and children, 29 August 1941; end of the war. Return to Ziezmariai. A plan of the murder sites in Ziezmariai is included in the testimony. Reyne (Shlom) Berkman: Deportation of Jewish men from Ziezmariai to Kaisiadorys; murder of Jews from Kaisiadorys and men from Ziezmariai; murder of women and children from Ziezmariai.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaisiadorys,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ziezmariai,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552488</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Smuel Levin, born in Vilna, Poland, 1912, and Fajvel Mosnicki, born in Semeliskes, Lithuania, 1924, regarding their experiences in Semeliskes, Zeliwe, Trakai, Krasnapolis, with the partisans and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

15 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-10-13 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Smuel Levin, born in Vilna, Poland, 1912, and Fajvel Mosnicki, born in Semeliskes, Lithuania, 1924, regarding their experiences in Semeliskes, Zeliwe, Trakai, Krasnapolis, with the partisans and other places Life before the war in Semeliskes. German occupation, 24 June 1941; abuse of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators led by Alisaukas Jones, Makunas and Audukonis; restrictions on the Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; arrest of Jews; murder of Jews; deportation to forced labor; abuse of the students of the Baranowicze Yeshiva, the yeshiva was moved to Semelskes in 1940; “Aktion”, 20 September 1941; liquidation "Aktion", 06 October 1941; rape of young women before their murder; includes a list of names of those murdered. Smuel Levin: Hidden in a farmer's home; escape of his wife and baby to Semeliskes; escape to Zeliwe and hidden in a farmer's home; betrayal by a farmer; transfer to a prison in Semeliskes; transfer to Trakai; escape to farmers; escape to Klenuwka; life in Klenuwka and hidden in a farmer's home; escape to Krasnapolis; life in Krasnapolis and hidden in a farmer's home; escape and establishment of a partisan unit; joins the partisan unit Laisvoji Lietuva, autumn 1943; life with the partisans including military operations; participation in the liberation of Vilna, 13 July 1944; end of the war. Return to Semeliskes. Fajvel Mosnicki: Escape with the family; separation from his parents; escape with his brother to forests and villages; joins a partisan unit, 1943; his brother joins a partisan unit led by Smuel Levin; joins with the partisan unit the Laisvoji Lietuva brigade.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escaping and joining the Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Trakai,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Baranowicze,Baranowicze,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552489</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Noach Estrinski, born in Vievis, Lithuania, regarding his experiences in Vievis, in hiding in Semeliskes and with the partisans in the Rudnicki forest</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-06-09 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Noach Estrinski, born in Vievis, Lithuania, regarding his experiences in Vievis, in hiding in Semeliskes and with the partisans in the Rudnicki forest Life before the war in Vievis. German occupation, 24 June 1941; deportation to forced labor; restrictions on the Jews; looting of property led by Lithuanian collaborator, Vasilaukas; deportation with local Jews to Semeliskes, 20 September 1941; life in Semeliskes including in hiding; murder of Jews from Vievis, Zasliai and Semeliskes, 06 October 1941; murder of family members; escape to forests; life in the Rudnicki forest including joining the partisans.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Vievis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rudnicki,forest,Murder Site,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552490</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Aharon Levin, born in Aukstadvaris, Lithuania, regarding his experiences in Aukstadvaris and in hiding in a forest and villages</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Aharon Levin, born in Aukstadvaris, Lithuania, regarding his experiences in Aukstadvaris and in hiding in a forest and villages Life before the war in Aukstadvaris. German occupation, 24 June 1941; attack on the Jews by Lithuanians; Lithuanian leadership comprised of Bingelis, Zutautas and Narauskas; murder of Jews; arrest and murder of Jews, 4-5 July 1941; deportation of the Jews to forced labor; "Aktion" against the Jews including Jews from Ohuskis, 21 September 1941; escape with the family to a forest; hidden by farmers; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; includes a list of names of rescuers; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Onuskis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Wysokidwor,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of rescuers</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552491</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Yerachmiel Shimanski, born in Krosna, Lithuania, regarding his experiences in Wysokidwor and the completion of the testimony of Aharon Levin</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

1 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-11-09 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Yerachmiel Shimanski, born in Krosna, Lithuania, regarding his experiences in Wysokidwor and the completion of the testimony of Aharon Levin Life before the war; move to Wysokidwor, 1940; life in Wysokidwor. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941. Completion of the testimony of Aharon Levin: Murder of the Abramowitz family in the rabbinate by Grotus, a Lithuanian policeman, winter 1942; murder of Jews by Antanas Plesavicius, a Lithuanian collaborator; deportation of the Jews to an elementary school; murder of Jews in Trok with the help of Lithuanian intelligentsia.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="747">Cemeteries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Wysokidwor,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552492</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Dwora (Plis) Gaus, born in Panosiskes, Lithuania, regarding her experiences in Kowno and Panosiskes</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-07-03 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Dwora (Plis) Gaus, born in Panosiskes, Lithuania, regarding her experiences in Kowno and Panosiskes Life before the war in Kowno. Outbreak of the war; escape to Panosiskes; German occupation, 23 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; attack on the Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; arrest of Jews; establishment of the civil authority led by the Lithuanian Pilipavicius; yellow badge; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation to forced labor; transfer of Jews to a synagogue, 1941; hidden in farmers' homes; receives information about the deportation of Jews to Troki; receives information about the murder of Jews with Jews from Onuskis, Wysoki Dwor and Troki.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Panosiskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Onuskis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kowno,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Wysokidwor,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Troki,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Troki,Murder Site</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552494</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Devora Gaus regarding his experiences in hiding in Panosiskes and with the partisans in the Rudnicki forests</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">-</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Devora Gaus.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rudnicki Forest,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Onuskis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Panosiskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552495</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Gita Giliat, born in Ejszyszki, Lithuania, regarding her experiences in Ejszyszki, hiding places in Karklin and Mateikan</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-06-18 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Gita Giliat, born in Ejszyszki, Lithuania, regarding her experiences in Ejszyszki, hiding places in Karklin and Mateikan Life before the war in Ejszyszki. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; German occupation, 23 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; establishment of a Judenrat; confiscation of property and money; escape to Karklin; life hidden in a farmer's home; thrown out by the farmer; escape to Mateikan; life in Mateikan hidden by a farmer with a female friend; liberation by the Red Army. Receives information about the concentration of the Jews in Ejszyszki in a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall), Rosh Hashana, 1941; deportation of Olkieniki Jews to a stable in Ejszyszki; murder of the men in an old cemetery; murder of the women and children in a Christian cemetery.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="585">Confiscation of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Olkieniki,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radun,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ejszyszki,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552496</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Lejbe Kaganowicz, born in Ejszyszki, Poland, regarding his experiences in Ejszyszki, the Grodno Ghetto, Nacze forest and with the partisans</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

19 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-12-06 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Lejbe Kaganowicz, born in Ejszyszki, Poland, regarding his experiences in Ejszyszki, the Grodno Ghetto, Nacze forest and with the partisans Life before the war in Ejszyszki. German occupation, 23 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; establishment of a ghetto; attack on the Jews by Police Commissioner Ostrauskis, activities of the Mayor Juozas Stasiunas; arrest of Jews; rape and murder of Jews; confiscation of valuables including gold and silver, 21 September 1941; deportation to forced labor; receives information about the murder of Jews in Merkine and Varena; receives information about the murder of Jews from Vilna in Ponary; deportation of Jews from Olkeniki and mental health patients from the area to there; mental health patients are forced to beat Jews; murder of Jewish men, 25 September 1941; murder of additional Jewish men; murder of women and children, 26 September 1941; escape of Jews to Radun, Szczucin and the Lida Ghetto; escape with his brother and hidden by farmers; escape to the Grodno Ghetto; escape to the Nacze forest; life in the forest including joining the partisans; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators. The details of the testimony about Ejszyszki are confirmed by Asher Shmuel Yurkanski.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="320">Mentally Ill people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Olkeniki,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Lida,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Grodno,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Eisiszki,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Varena,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Szczucin,Dabrowa,Krakow,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Radun,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ponary,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552497</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Saine Cholok, born in Russia, 1919, regarding her experiences in Ukmerge, the Kaunas Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Ukmerge</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">Check criteria -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Saine Cholok, born in Russia, 1919, regarding her experiences in Ukmerge, the Kaunas Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Ukmerge Life before the war in Ukmerge; learns in a Hebrew high school; work in a laboratory; move to Kaunas, 1939. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; ghetto life; receives information from Ukmerge residents about the German occupation there, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; robbery of Jews by Lithuanians and Germans; escape to Jewish refugees; transfer of the local civil authority by the Lithuaians; head of the local authority is the Mayor Riklaitis and Vytautas Deveikis; deportation of the Jews to the Uzupis suburb; deportation of Jews to forced labor; establishment of a Judenrat; arrest of Jews; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews on the Antokol farm; murder of Jews in a forest in the area; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Ukmerge,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552498</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Yisrael Katz, born in Giedraiciai, Lithuania, 1887, Breine (Gordon) Katz, born in Giedraiciai, Lithuania, and Miriam Katz, born in Giedraiciai, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in Giedraiciai and in hiding in the Ukmerge area</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

23 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-08-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Yisrael Katz, born in Giedraiciai, Lithuania, 1887, Breine (Gordon) Katz, born in Giedraiciai, Lithuania, and Miriam Katz, born in Giedraiciai, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in Giedraiciai and in hiding in the Ukmerge area Life before the war in Giedraiciai. Outbreak of the war; escape of Jews from Giedraiciai, Janova, Ukmerge, and Kaunas to Moletai; German occupation, 24 June 1941; return of the escapees; restrictions on the Jews; arrest of Jews, 06 July 1941; list of the names of those murdered, 08 July 1941; murder of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators Petronis, Starkus Vaclavas, Cesulius, Petras Mienkevicius and others; murder of Jewish men in the Kamarowszcyzne forest, 07 August 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; murder of women from Giedraiciai and Debeikiai in a forest in the Ukmerge area, 18 August 1941; escape; in hiding of the family in villages in the Ukmerge area; family hidden by the woman farmer Ruzyene Leokadijo; liberation by the Red Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Debeikiai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Giedraiciai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Moletai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ukmerge,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jonava,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552499</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Nachum Kac, born in Gedraiciai, Lithuania, 1922, regarding his experiences in Giedraiciai, Sirvintai and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-29 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Nachum Kac, born in Gedraiciai, Lithuania, 1922, regarding his experiences in Giedraiciai, Sirvintai and in hiding Life before the war in Giedraiciai; attends a Lithuanian high school. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; arrest with Jewish youths, 06 July 1941; prison life; transfer of addition youths to the prison, 07 July 1941; looting of property; murder of 8 detainees; release with detainees with the help of a priest; list of names of those murdered; "Aktion" against men, 09 August 1941; transfer with the men to Sirvintai; order to lay day in a fiels and beating of the men on their heads; shooting of the men and escape; hidden by Anufra Sinkewitz, a farmer; escape to another farmer; life in a barn; receives infformation about the murer of jewish men, 17 Ausgust 1941; list of names of those murdered; hidden with his father and aunt by Vilniskis, a farmer in his home.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from deportation</subject>
          <subject>Youth</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Sirvintai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Giedraiciai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552500</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Reuven Kranik, born in 1892, Sara Kranik, born in Sirvintai, Lithuania, 1894, and Rachel Kranik, born in 1929, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Musninkai, Sirvintai, Gelvonai and the Ukmerge district</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

14 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Reuven Kranik, born in 1892, Sara Kranik, born in Sirvintai, Lithuania, 1894, and Rachel Kranik, born in 1929, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Musninkai, Sirvintai, Gelvonai and the Ukmerge district Jewish life before the war in Musninkai. German occupation; restrictions on the Jews; deportation of the Jews to a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall); looting of Jewish owned property; transfer of the men to a prison; transfer of the women to the Posolyni courtyard; includes a list of Lithuanian collaborators; murder of Jews in Sirvintai; Jewish life in Gelvonai; German occupation; transfer of Jews to a prison; murder of Jews; abuse of Jews; looting of Jewish homes by Lithuanians; murder of Jews in the Ukmerge district; 05 September 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Gelvonai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kernava,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ukmerge,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Musninkai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sirvintai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552501</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Avraham Rash, born in Kretinga, Lithuania, 1915, and Avraham Shachar, born in Sesuoliai, Lithuania, 1910, regarding their experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Sesuoliai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Avraham Rash, born in Kretinga, Lithuania, 1915, and Avraham Shachar, born in Sesuoliai, Lithuania, 1910, regarding their experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Sesuoliai Avraham Rash: life before the war in Kretinga; attends a Lithuanian high school; life in Sesuoliai until 1933; move to Kaunas. Ghetto life; deportation to Dachau camp, spring 1944; life in Landsberg camp; liberation by the US Army, 02 May 1945. Avraham Shachar; life before the war in Sesuoliai; attends a Yiddish elementary school in Sesuoliai; move to Kaunas, 1930. Ghetto life. Shachar and Rash's life in the Kaunas Ghetto; receive information from acquaintances about the Jews in Sesuoliai. German occupation; abuse and murder of Jews under the leadership of the Lithuanian Mazelis; murder of Jews in a forest in the Ukmerge district; includes a list of names of Jews murdered; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Ukmerge,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sesuoliai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552502</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Benjamin Kramer, born in Dubingiai, Lithuania, 1887, regarding his experiences in Dubingiai, in hiding in the Nemencine area and in hiding in Kliniki</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-11-18 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Benjamin Kramer, born in Dubingiai, Lithuania, 1887, regarding his experiences in Dubingiai, in hiding in the Nemencine area and in hiding in Kliniki Life in Dubingiai before the war. German occupation; looting of Jewish owned property; murder of Jews; includes a list of names of those murdered on 08 July 1941; receives information about the murder of Jews in Joniskis and Inturke; activities of the Lithuanian collaborators led by the priests Zvinys and Petronis; notice to the Jews about the deportation to the ---- Ghetto; transfer to detention with Jews, 04 September 1941; transfer of women and children to a prison in -----; his wife stays at home; release from the prison with the help of a Lithuanian policeman; receives information about the murder of men with men from ----- in the Pivonija forest, 05 September 1941; murder of women and children in the Pivonija forest; includes a list of names of Lithuaian collaborators; escape to forests, villages and fields in the Nemencine area; escape from Poles and return to Lithuania; escape to Kliniki; life in hiding in hidden by the Polish farmer Boleslaw Sinica; liberation by the Red Army, 1944; return to Dubingiai; life in Dubingiai; gives testimony on the Lithuanian perpetrators of murder.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Utena,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Dubingiai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kliniki,Bielsk Podlaski,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Moletai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Nemencine,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ukmerge,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Record of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of names</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552503</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Dawid Kagan, regarding his experience in the Siauliai Ghetto and Stutthof</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

19 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-04-01 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Dawid Kagan, regarding his experience in the Siauliai Ghetto and Stutthof Move to Siauliai, 1938. Soviet occupation, 1940; German occupation, 27 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; arrest of Jews; establishment of a ghetto; ghetto life; crimes committed by Commander Krause and the collaborator Stankus of the Lithuanian police; deportation of Jews to forced labor; deportation of Jews to forced labor in the villages of Baciunai, Akmene, Daugai and Radviliskis; deportation of Jews to Zagare; murder of Jews with Jews from the area; "Aktion" against children, 05 November 1943; criminal behavior of Forster, the Ghetto commander; deportation to Germany, 21-22 June 1944; camp life in Stutthof; liberation by the US Army, 02 May 1945. Includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators and Nazi war criminals.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="329">Antisemitism</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Akmene,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Batcum,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radviliskis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552504</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Hirsz Szuster, born in Taurage, Lithuania, 1913, regarding his experiences in the Siauliai Ghetto, Kaiserwald, Stutthoff and Dachau</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

34 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-02-04 -</unitdate>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Hirsz Szuster, born in Taurage, Lithuania, 1913, regarding his experiences in the Siauliai Ghetto, Kaiserwald, Stutthoff and Dachau Life in Taurage before the war; move to Siauliai; life in Siauliai including work as a house painter. German occupation, 27 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; arrest of Jews; establishment of a ghetto; ghetto life; deportation of Jews to labor digging peat in Baciunai, Daugai, Akmene and Radviliskis; attack on the Jews by Lithuanians led by Stankus, head of the civil administration; deportation of the Jews to Zagare; transfer of the Jews with the Jews from Zagare to the Siauliai district; murder of Jews in the Siauliai district; "Aktion" against children, 05 November 1943; deportation with young men to Kaiserwald; transfer to Stutthof, 21-22 June 1944; camp life; transfer to Dachau; camp life including pneumonia; liberation by the US Army, 02 May 1945.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="329">Antisemitism</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="788">Kaiserwald,Camp,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radviliskis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Riga,Rigas,Vidzeme,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>Akmene,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Batcum,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552505</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Helman Fridman, Mordechai Bleyman, Berel Perecman and Szaine Perecman, regarding the experiences of the Jews of Zagare</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

19 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-08-28 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Helman Fridman, Mordechai Bleyman, Berel Perecman and Szaine Perecman, regarding the experiences of the Jews of Zagare Life before the war in Zagare. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; escape of refugees; German occupation, 29 June 1941; transfer of the civil authority by the Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews; abuse of the Jews; transfer of the men to a synagogue; deportation of the men to forced labor; establishment of a Judenrat; deportation of the Jews to a ghetto, 27 July 1941; transfer of the Jews outside of the ghetto; concentration of the Jews in a plaza; Jews live in overcrowding; transfer of Jews in groups to a killing pit; murder of Jews; search for Jews in hiding by Lithuanians; includes a list of names of Lithuanians perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Uzventis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Akmene,Mazeikiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kursenai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kriukiai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Tryskiai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pasvitinys,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radviliskis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Papile,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Saukenai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siaulenai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552506</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimonies of Reyne Kaplan, Chiene Peresetsky and Esther Bekin, regarding their experiences in Radviliskis, the Siauliai Ghetto, Linkaiciai and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-10 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimonies of Reyne Kaplan, Chiene Peresetsky and Esther Bekin, regarding their experiences in Radviliskis, the Siauliai Ghetto, Linkaiciai and in hiding Life in before the war in Radviliskis. German occupation, 26 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; attack on the Jews by Lithuanian collaborators led by Mayor Brazauskas Resko and others; deportation to forced labor; abuse and murder of Jews; deportation of the Radviliskis Jews to Zagare where they were murdered; escape to the Ghetto Siauliai; deportation to Linkaiciai Camp; escape and hidden by farmers; liberation.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="541">Executions</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radviliskis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="1533">Linkaiciai,Camp,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552507</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Rachel Dawidow, born in Uzventis, Lithuania, 1914, regarding her experiences in Telsiai, the Rheine farm, camps, the Siaulai Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Uzventis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-11-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Rachel Dawidow, born in Uzventis, Lithuania, 1914, regarding her experiences in Telsiai, the Rheine farm, camps, the Siaulai Ghetto and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Uzventis Life before the war; move with the family to Telsiai, 1935. Deportation with the Jews to the camp on the Rheine farm; camp life; transfer to another camp; camp life including a meeting with women from Uzventis; receives information about the Jews in Uzventis; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life including maintains contact with a non-Jewish physician from Uzventis; help from the physician to find a hiding place for the sisters in a farmwers home; deportation of Jews; escape with her sister to a village; life hidden in the home of the farmer Yoazis Ramses; liberation by the Red Army. Hearsay testimony of the Jews in Uzventis: Outbreak of the war; escape of Jewish refugees from Kelme and Kraziai to Uzventis; German occupation; transfer of the local authority appointments by the Lithuanians; abuse of Jews led by the Lithuanians Francuzevicius and Juozas Cepauskas; concentration of the Jews on the farm; murder of men and women in the Pasvalys Forest; escape of Jews and in hiding; discovery of the hiding places and murder of Jews.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kraziai,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kelme,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pasvalys,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Uzventis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552508</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Malka Demba, born in Uzventis, Lithuania, 1919, and Chaya Domba, born in Uzventis, Lithuania, 1920, regarding the Jews in Uzventis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

2 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Malka Demba, born in Uzventis, Lithuania, 1919, and Chaya Domba, born in Uzventis, Lithuania, 1920, regarding the Jews in Uzventis Life before the war; attends a Lithuanian high school; move to Siauliai, 1935. Outbreak of the war; receives a letter from their mother about the German occupation; about their father and sister digging for potatoes; request of their mother not to return home; receives an additional letter from their sister about the murder of Jews; about the Lithuanian perpetrators, Cepauskas and Janavicius, activities.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Uzventis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552509</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony (hearsay) of Hirsh Kremer, born in Akhtyrka, 1919, regarding the murder of the Jews of Zeimelis, Siauliai, according to what he was by non-Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony (hearsay) of Hirsh Kremer, born in Akhtyrka, 1919, regarding the murder of the Jews of Zeimelis, Siauliai, according to what he was by non-Jews Life before the war in Zeimelis. Outbreak of the war; escape with his family; end of the war. Return to Zeimelis; receives information from non-Jewish neighbors about the experience of the Jews including German occupation, 27 June 1941; deportation of well-to-do Jews from their homes by Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews; deportation to forced labor; murder of Jews by Lithuanians led by Baltras Iminavicius; deportation of Jews to a farm in the area, 07-08 August 1941; concentration of the Jews in a barn; shooting of Jewish men in a forest, 08 August 1941; shooting of Jewish children and women in a forest, 08 August 1941; a Jewish boy is hidden in a priest's home.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Akhtyrka,Akhtyrka,Sumy,Ukraine (USSR)</geogname>
          <geogname>Zeimelis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552510</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Sheine (Dermik) Lazar, born in Pumpenai, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in Klovain, Joniskelis, the Siauliai Ghetto and her hearsay testimony of the murder of Jews in Klovain</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-10-03 -</unitdate>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Sheine (Dermik) Lazar, born in Pumpenai, Lithuania, 1912, regarding her experiences in Klovain, Joniskelis, the Siauliai Ghetto and her hearsay testimony of the murder of Jews in Klovain Life before the war in Klovain; move to Siauliai, 1936. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; escape to Klovain; life in Klovain; murder of Jews; escape to farmers in the area; murder of her father by Lithuanians; escape to Joniskelis; murder of Lithuanian perpetrators by the Red Army; German occupation, 27 June 1941; escape to Siauliai; ghetto life; receives information about the murder of Jews in Klovain by Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Joniskelis,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Klovian,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552511</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Nisan Goldes, born in Lygumai, Lithuania, 1906, regarding his experiences in Lygumai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and Landsberg</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-30 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Nisan Goldes, born in Lygumai, Lithuania, 1906, regarding his experiences in Lygumai, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and Landsberg Life before the war in Lygumai. Outbreak of the war; escape of refugees from Siauliai; unsuccessful escape attempt to Vaskai and the Latvian border; restrictions on the Jews enforced by the Mayor Petraitis; arrest of Jews; murder of Jews; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; deportation of Jews to a prison in Siauliai; murder of Jews; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; murder of the Jews including looting of property; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life; "Aktion" against children including the murder of girls; deportation to Stutthof; camp life including separation from his wife; deportation to Landsberg; camp life; deportation of his wife to Kinhof camp; receives information about the murder of his wife; end of the war. Visit in Lygumai; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: לייב קאניוכאווסקי]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Vaskai,Birzai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Landsberg,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Lygumai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552512</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Mosze Noik, born in Bazilionai, Lithuania, 1918, regarding his experiences in the Bazilionai Ghetto, the Siauliai Ghetto, in hiding in farmers homes and forests</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-13 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Mosze Noik, born in Bazilionai, Lithuania, 1918, regarding his experiences in the Bazilionai Ghetto, the Siauliai Ghetto, in hiding in farmers homes and forests Life before the war; education in Siauliai. German occupation, 26 June 1941; looting of Jewish owned property; abuse and murder by Lithuanians led by Taskus and Medzausys; deportation to the Bazilionai Ghetto; ghetto life including information about the next deportation; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; receives information about the deportation of the Bazilionai Jews to Zagare; receives information about the Jews in Zagare; receives information about the deportation of Jews to forced labor in Latvia; ghetto life; escape and hidden in farmers homes and in hiding in forests; liberation by the Red Army. Return with his wife and grandchildren to Bazilionai; life in Bazilionai; murder of his wife and grandchildren at night by Lithuanians; in hiding under a bed and receives a gun wound; escape.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Bazilionai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Latvia</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552513</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Loyba Klar, born in Saukena, Lithuania, 1927, regarding her experiences in Saukenai, Zagare, in hiding, Uzventis, Siauliai and camps in Germany</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

14 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-08-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Loyba Klar, born in Saukena, Lithuania, 1927, regarding her experiences in Saukenai, Zagare, in hiding, Uzventis, Siauliai and camps in Germany Life in Saukenai before the war. German occupation, 26 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; forced contribution; attacks on the Jews by the Lithuanians Girdravings and the Jocas brothers; murder of Jews; deportation with Jews to Zagare; murder of some of the Jews on the way; murder of the Jews from Vaiguva, Radviliskis, Kursenai and Uzventis; escape and hidden by the farmer Jonas Peleckis; life in hiding with additional Jews; life in Uzventis including murder of the Jews in hiding; escape to Siauliai; deportation to camps in Germany; liberation. Includes a list of names of Lithuanians perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="518">Deportation to Germany</subject>
          <subject>Deportation from Lithuania</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject>Assistance to Jews-Lithuania</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="642">Persecution of the Jews of Lithuania</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="540">Mass murders</subject>
          <subject>Lithuanian criminals</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of Jewish property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kursenai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Vaiguva,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radviliskis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Saukenai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Uzventis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552514</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Rachel (Sherman) Sajetowicz, born in Pakruojis, Lithuania, 1918, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, Aleksotas, Stutthoff, Liubtsen, other places and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Pakruojis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Rachel (Sherman) Sajetowicz, born in Pakruojis, Lithuania, 1918, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, Aleksotas, Stutthoff, Liubtsen, other places and hearsay testimony of the Jews in Pakruojis Life before the war; move to Kaunas. Closure of the ghetto, 15 August 1941; ghetto life including receiving a letter from her sister in Pakruojis; receives information about the Jews in Pakruojis from a Lithuanian farmer; deportation to Aleksotas; life in a DP camp; transfer to Stutthoff; camp life; transfer to various camps; camp life in Liubtsen; death march, January 1945; sleeps in a cowshed; escape with a friend to barns and cowsheds of German farmers; liberation by the Red Army. Return to Pakruojis; life in Pakruojis; murder of men at a cemetery; includes a list of names of those murdered; deportation of women and children to a ghetto; confiscation of belongings by Lithuanians; murder of women and children; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from camps</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Stutthof,Danzig,&lt;&gt;,Free City of Danzig</geogname>
          <geogname>Pakruojis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552515</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Pesach Aronowicz, born in Siauliai, Lithuania, 1913 and Gershon Rozovski, born in Seduva, Lithuania, 1909, regarding their experiences in Pakruojis, Siauliai, Landesberg and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-30 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Pesach Aronowicz, born in Siauliai, Lithuania, 1913 and Gershon Rozovski, born in Seduva, Lithuania, 1909, regarding their experiences in Pakruojis, Siauliai, Landesberg and other places Pesach Aranowicz: Life before the war; life in Kaunas. Outbreak of the war; escape on a train to Baisogala, 23 July 1941; air-raids on the train by the German Air Force; escape by foot to Pakruojis. Gershon Rozovski: Life before the war; move to Pakruojis, 1932; life in Pakruojis. Unsuccessful escape attempt by Jews; German occupation in Pakruojis; restrictions on Jews; harm to the Jews by Lithuanians under the leadership of Indrulis, Pozela, Kazlauskas and others; deportation of the Jews to forced labor; detention and transfer of the witness's with Jews to a prison in Siauliai; release with the Jews; life in Siauliai; receives knowledge about the murder of Jewish men in Pakruojis; receives knowledge about the deportation of women and children to a ghetto; murder of the women and children; deportation to Landesberg; camp life; liberation by the US Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Landesberg,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pakruojis,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552516</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Sonia (Josman) Grad, born in Dvinsk, Lithuania, 1905, regarding her experiences in Siauliai and Zagare</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-08-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Sonia (Josman) Grad, born in Dvinsk, Lithuania, 1905, regarding her experiences in Siauliai and Zagare Life before the war; attends a state school; move to Siauliai, 1923; life in Siauliai; work as the head of housekeeping in a retirement home. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; escape to Seduva; life in Seduva; German occupation, 26 June 1941; escape to Siauliai with help from her husband; life in Siauliai; work in a retirement village; looting of property by Lithuanians; transfer of the retirement village to Zagare by the Lithuanians Stankunas and Varanauskas; life in the retirement village; restrictions on the Jews; escape and return to Siauliai with help from her husband; life in Siauliai; receives information about the murder of Jews in Zagare; includes a list of names of those murdered from the retirement village; includes a list of names of children from the orphanage; murder of the orphans between Zagare and Joniskis.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="268">Information concerning extermination</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="315">Children's homes</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seduva,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Dvinsk,Daugavpils,Latgale,Latvia</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552517</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Motl Kuricki, born in Anyksciai, Lithuania, 1918, regarding his experiences in the Daugavpils Ghetto, the Anyksciai Ghetto, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and Mueldorf</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

121 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Motl Kuricki, born in Anyksciai, Lithuania, 1918, regarding his experiences in the Daugavpils Ghetto, the Anyksciai Ghetto, the Siauliai Ghetto, Stutthof and Mueldorf Life before the war. Soviet occupation, 1940; Jewish youths join the Communist youth; German occupation; unsuccessful attempt to escape to Rokiskis; restrictions on the Jews; arrest of Jews, 28-29 June 1941; transfer of the Jews to a prison and synagogue; murder of Jews by Lithuanian perpetrators; rape of women; yellow badge; abuse of Jews; murder of men, 05 July 1941; escape from the killing pit and hidden in a Lithuanian home; includes a list of names of those who were murdered, 08 July 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators; deportation of women and children to the summer homes in the Silale forest; murder of women, children and the elderly, 10 July 1941; establishment of the ghetto, 26 July 1941; liquidation of the ghetto, 08 August 1941; escape to Daugavpils; ghetto life; murder of Jews, 04 November 1941; escape to the Siauliai Ghetto; ghetto life; receives information about underground activities; liquidation of the ghetto in spring, 1944; deportation to Stutthof camp; deportation to Mueldorf camp.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="606">Rape</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding by Lithuanians</subject>
          <subject>Jewish communists</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="616">Detentions</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="642">Persecution of the Jews of Lithuania</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="540">Mass murders</subject>
          <subject>Assistance to Jews-Lithuania</subject>
          <subject>Badge of shame - Lithuania</subject>
          <subject>Annexation of territories to the Soviet Union in 1939-1940</subject>
          <subject>Deportation to the ghettos</subject>
          <subject>Deportation from Lithuania</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Rokiskis,Rokiskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Muehldorf Waldlager,Camp,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="857">Stutthof Kz,Camp</geogname>
          <geogname>Silale,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="1054">Siauliai,Ghetto</geogname>
          <geogname>Daugavpils,Daugavpils,Latgale,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>Anyksciai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="212">Daugavpils,Ghetto,Latvia</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552518</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Avraham Vidlanski, Lipe Skolsky, Shmuel Ingel and Yehuda Levo, regarding their experiences in Varena, Radun and the experiences of Ingel in Alytus, the underground, the Launas Ghetto and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

66 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-12-04 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Avraham Vidlanski, Lipe Skolsky, Shmuel Ingel and Yehuda Levo, regarding their experiences in Varena, Radun and the experiences of Ingel in Alytus, the underground, the Launas Ghetto and other places Life before the war in Varena. German occupation, 23 June 1941; establishment of a local authority by Lithuanians; local Lithuanian leadership included Jarmulevicius, Adolf Petrusys and Jonas Tareila; looting of Jewish owned property; arrest and murder of Jews; includes a list of names of those murdered; deportation of Jews to forced labor; murder of the Jews from Varena and Alytus, 1-5 September; 1941; includes a list of names of those murdered; concentration of Jews in a "Beit Midrash”, (religious study hall), 9-10 September 1941; murder of Jews in a forest in the Vilna district; looting of property from murder victims by the Lithuanians; escape to Radun; life in Radun including relations with the Polish population; liberation. Return to Varena; finds the cemetery desecrated; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators. Shmuel Ingel: Escape from Alytus to the Kaunas Ghetto; ghetto life including joins the underground; escape attempt to the partisans; in hiding in the Seiniai district; escape and in hiding in the Alytus district.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Jewish underground</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="347">Desecration of cemeteries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards the Jews - Poland and the Polish population</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Varena,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Lazdijai,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Simnas,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Radun,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552519</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Aba Veinstein, born in Marijampole, Lithuania, 1922, regarding his experiences in Kaunas, in hiding in Simnas and using a false identity in the Alytus area</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

Typewritten copy

23 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-11-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Aba Veinstein, born in Marijampole, Lithuania, 1922, regarding his experiences in Kaunas, in hiding in Simnas and using a false identity in the Alytus area Life before the war in Simnas; attends a Jewish school; life in Kaunas including university studies. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; escape from the Red Army; transfer with Jews to a center; release from the center with help from a friend; transfer of Jews to a monastery by Lithuanians; transfer with Jews to Fort 7 by Lithuanians; German occupation, 24 June 1941; receives a travel permit to Simnas; escape to Simnas, 16 July 1941; life in Simnas; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; Lithuanian local authority; activities of Zadeika, Lithuanian Mayor; activities of Venckus, Lithuanian Police Commissioner; activities of Vaitkus, Deputy Police Commissioner; receives information about the German occupation, 22 June 1941; receives information about the arrest of non-Jewish and Jewish administrators by Lithuanians; list of names of detainees; deportation of Jews to forced labor; looting of Jewish owned property, 22 August 1941; establishment of a Judenrat; abuse and murder of Jews; selection including murder of young men, August 1941; transfer of groups of woman and elderly to Alytus prison; receives information from farmers about the murder of women and elderly, 01 September 1941; receives information from a farmer about the murder of Jews including his mother and brother in a forest; 12 September 1941; receives information about the escape of some Jews from the killing pit; receives food from a farmer; hidden by a farmer in exchange for money; in hiding in fields; in hiding in a barn of a Polish farmer; life using a Lithuanian false identity in villages in the Alytus area; liberation by the Red Army, 28 July 1944. Life in Alytus; search and murder of war criminals with Soviet security men; move to Salzburg; life in Salzburg; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Marijampole,Marijampolė,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Simnas,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552520</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Gershon Vladislavski, regarding his experiences in hiding in Daugai, Rodune, Lida, in hiding and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

14 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1945-05-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Gershon Vladislavski, regarding his experiences in hiding in Daugai, Rodune, Lida, in hiding and other places Life in Suwalki. Escape with the family to Kalvarija, 1939; escape to Daugai; life in Daugai; German occupation; transfer of the local civil authority by the Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews including deportation to forced labor; yellow badge; establishment of a ghetto; murder of Jews in Seirijai; transfer of Jews from Simnas and Seirijai to Alytus; murder of Jews; life in hiding in Daugai; murder of the elderly and sick; escape to Olkeniki; escape to Ejszyszki; escape to Rodune; life in Rodune; murder of Jews, March 1942; murder of Jews, 10 May 1942; some Jews manage to escape the killing pit; participation of Polish and Lithuanian policemen in murder; deportation with Jews to Lida; life in Lida including forced labor; deportation to Lublin via train, 1943; escape from the train; hidden in a farmer's home; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject>Sick people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="522">Deportation trains</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Olkeniki,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Raudone,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seirijai,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Simnas,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Suwalki,Suwalki,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Lida,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kalvarija,Kalvarija,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Daugai,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552521</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Joseph Gordon, born in Jieznas, Lithuania, regarding the experiences of the Jieznas Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1945-03-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Joseph Gordon, born in Jieznas, Lithuania, regarding the experiences of the Jieznas Jews Jewish life before the war. German occupation, 25 June 1941; establishment of a local authority by the Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews; robbery and murder of the Jews; deportation of Jews with Stakliskes Jews to Prienai, 14 August 1941; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews; deportation of men, women and children to Alytus; murder of Jews, August 1941; murder of Jews in Jieznas, 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Prienai,Marijampolė,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Stakliskes,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jieznas,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552522</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Malka Pugacki, born in Merkine, Lithuania, 1919, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, with the partisans in forests in the Vilna district and hearsay testimony regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Markine Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

12 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1945 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Malka Pugacki, born in Merkine, Lithuania, 1919, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, with the partisans in forests in the Vilna district and hearsay testimony regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Markine Ghetto Life before the war; life in Kaunas. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; ghetto life; murder of Jews; escape to forests in the Vilna district; life in forests including joining the Soviet partisans; liberation by the Red Army. Return to Merkine; receives information about the experiences of the Jews during the war; Germany occupation, 23 June 1941; capture of youths by Lithuanians; murder of the men in a cemetery; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; ban on Jews to use sidewalks; deportation of the Jews to a ghetto; Jewish life in the ghetto including establishment of a Judenrat; deportation of Jews to forced labor; rape and murder of Jewish women by Lithuanians; liquidation of the ghetto; murder of the Jews, 09 September 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552523</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Yitzhak Koniuchowski, born in Marcinkonys, Poland, 1906, regarding his experiences in Grodno, Kaunas and with the partisans</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

Print

27 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-12-05 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Yitzhak Koniuchowski, born in Marcinkonys, Poland, 1906, regarding his experiences in Grodno, Kaunas and with the partisans German occupation of Grodno, 23 June 1941; decrees; receives help from the Polish family Razantawski; travel to obtain furs for the military commander Riedel in Kaunas; escape to the partisans; combat as a partisan; meets family members that escaped from Marcinkonys.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards the Jews - Poland and the Polish population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="297">Assistance to Jews</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="001626">Riedel</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Grodno,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Marcinkonis,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>Research article</genreform>
          <genreform>Article</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552524</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Szlomo Peretz, Leib Kobrowski, Chaim Kobrowski and Chana Garfing, regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Marcinkonis Ghetto and with the partisans in Belorussia</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

Print

69 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Szlomo Peretz, Leib Kobrowski, Chaim Kobrowski and Chana Garfing, regarding the experiences of the Jews in the Marcinkonis Ghetto and with the partisans in Belorussia Jewish life before the war in Marcinkonis. Germans occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; Judenrat activities; establishment of the ghetto, spring 1942; liquidation of the ghetto; escape to forests; Jewish life in Belorussia including combat of Jews with the partisans; includes list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators; an article written by Leib Kobrowski on the extermination of Jews from Marcinkonis and the surroundings.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="815">Attitude towards Jews - Lithuania and the Lithuanian population</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="878">Jewish education</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="120">Nazi criminals</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="539">Mass graves</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Belorussia (USSR)</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Marcinkonis,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform>Article</genreform>
          <genreform>Research article</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552526</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Berel Pikovsky, born in Druskieniki, Poland, 1916, regarding his experiences in the Druskieniki Ghetto, Kielbasin, in hiding in a bunker in a forest and with the partisans</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

15 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-03-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Berel Pikovsky, born in Druskieniki, Poland, 1916, regarding his experiences in the Druskieniki Ghetto, Kielbasin, in hiding in a bunker in a forest and with the partisans Life before the war in Druskieniki. German occupation, 24 June 1941; Lithuanian riots against the Jews led by Police Commissioner Ivanauskas and his assistant Veiksneris; restrictions on the Jews by Germans and the Polish Mayor Bereze; abuse of Jews by Lithuanians; establishment of a Judenrat, July 1941; Judenrat Chairman Frenkel; establishment of a ghetto, July 1941; ghetto life including deportation to forced labor; forced contributions; arrest and murder of Jews; receives information about the deportation of Jews from Grodno to Kielbasin camp, 25 October 1942; looting of property; liquidation of the ghetto; deportation of Jews to Kielbasin camp, 02 November 1941; transfer of Jews from Rotnica to Kielbasin camp, 02 November 1942; murder of Jews; murder of the sick and elderly Jews; escape to forests; life in forests and in hiding in a bunker; life with the partisans including combat; liberation by the Red Army, 12 July 1944; includes a list of Polish and Lithuanian perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Druskieniki,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="2410">Kiełbasin,Camp,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Grodno,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552527</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Shmuel Gozhansky, born in Druskieniki, Poland, 1913, regarding his experiences in Druskieniki, Kielbasin, the Grodno Ghetto, in hiding in forests and with the partisans</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1949-04-16 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Shmuel Gozhansky, born in Druskieniki, Poland, 1913, regarding his experiences in Druskieniki, Kielbasin, the Grodno Ghetto, in hiding in forests and with the partisans Life in Druskieniki; move to Grodno; life in Grodno including attends a Polish high school; return to Druskieniki, 1933; life in Druskieniki. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; deportation with his family to Kielbasin; camp life; escape; Grodno Ghetto life; escape with Jews from Druskienski, 06 February 1943; hidden by farmers; escape to forests; life in a forest including joining the partisans, 1944; life with the partisans including combat against the Germans; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="2410">Kiełbasin,Camp,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Grodno,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Druskieniki,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552528</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chaya Katzovitz, born in Alytus, Lithuania, 1916, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in Paezyriai and hearsay testimony about the Alytus Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chaya Katzovitz, born in Alytus, Lithuania, 1916, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in Paezyriai and hearsay testimony about the Alytus Jews Life before the war; move to Kaunas, 1936. Ghetto life; escape to Paezyriai; life hidden in local farmers’ homes; liberation; receives information from her sister about the Alytus Jews; restrictions on the Jews; robbery and rape; murder of Jews; Balukevicius and Sartorevicius, Lithuanians, activities against the Jews; Jews are hidden in the homes of Lithuainians Bronia Miglinaite and Dr. Kutorgene; escape of Jews to forests; includes a list of names of survivors; includes a list of names of those murdered; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of survivors</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552529</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Ita (Samonisky) Solomansky, born in Alytus, Lithuania, 1920, regarding her experiences in Kaunas, Alytus, in hiding in Radun, in hiding in the Lida area and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

22 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-05-22 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Ita (Samonisky) Solomansky, born in Alytus, Lithuania, 1920, regarding her experiences in Kaunas, Alytus, in hiding in Radun, in hiding in the Lida area and other places Life before the war; move to Riga, 1937. Soviet occupation, 1940; move to Kaunas, 1940; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; escape to Alytus; German occupation, 24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jewish men; list of names of Jews who were murdered by Lithuanian collaborators; abuse and murder of Jews by Lithuanians; Malauskas and Jurelevicius, police commissioner, Lithuanian leadership; deportation to forced labor; yellow badge; murder of Jews; arrest of Jews; forced labor in a prison; deportation of Jews from Varena, Merkine and Butrimonys to a prison; murder of Jews, 13-15 August 1941; escape to Varena; escape to Radun; life in Radun in hiding in a relatives house; work for farmers; escape and hidden in the home of the farmer Korkoch in the Lida area; life in hiding including a Jewish family meeting; information from the family about the strangulation of a baby in hiding in the Radun Ghetto; escape to an additional farmer due to fear of being informed on, 1943; escape and return to the farmer Korkoch's home; escape of additional Jews to in hiding; liberation by the Red Army, 13 July 1944; return to Alytus; receives information about the Jews in Alytus; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Varena,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Riga,Rigas,Vidzeme,Latvia</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Radun,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552530</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Izchak Lifszic, born in Vilna, Poland, 1912, regarding his experiences in Alytus, the Druskieniki Ghetto, the Kaunas Ghetto, with the partisans and the Rudnicki forest</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1979-08-27 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Izchak Lifszic, born in Vilna, Poland, 1912, regarding his experiences in Alytus, the Druskieniki Ghetto, the Kaunas Ghetto, with the partisans and the Rudnicki forest Life before the war; marriage, 1938; life in Alytus. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; escape of Jews to the Soviet Union; air-raids by the German Air Force; German occupation, 22-24 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; murder of Jews; arrest of Jews; abuse of Jews in prison; murder of Jews in prison; establishment of the Judenrat; yellow badge; deportation to forced labor; establishment of a local authority by Lithuanians; attack on Jews by Lithuanians; receives information about the murder of young men from Vilkaviskis, 08 August 1941; arrest of men and women, 12 August 1941; abuse of detainees; murder of detainees from Alytus, Seirijai, Simnas, Merkine and Butrimonys in a forest, 13 August 1941; murder of Jews, 07 September 1941; escape to Druskieniki; ghetto life; labor as a tailor; "Aktion"; looting of Jewish owned property; liquidation of the ghetto, 02 November 1942; in hiding; escape to the Kaunas Ghetto; ghetto life including underground activities; escape to the Rudnicki forest; forest life with the partisans; active combat.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Jewish underground</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Druskieniki,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
          <geogname>Simnas,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seirijai,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rudnicki,forest,Murder Site,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Merkine,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552531</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Leib Koniuchowski, born in Alytus, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and his hearsay testimony of the murder of Jews in Alytus</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

27 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1979-08-08 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Leib Koniuchowski, born in Alytus, Lithuania, 1910, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and his hearsay testimony of the murder of Jews in Alytus Life before the war; education; life in Ukmerge; attends a Jewish sciences high school; graduation from high school; life in Kaunas including engineering studies; receives a diploma, 1940. Outbreak of the war; looting of Jewish owned property by Lithuanians; Kaunas Ghetto life; murder of Jews. Visit in Alytus, 18 April 1946; receives information about the fate of the Jews in Alytus during the war; transfer of Jews to a prison; murder of Jews; murder of Jews with Jews from the area, 9-10 September 1941; transfer of Jews from Europe and POWs to Alytus; murder of the Jews and POWs by the Germans.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1321">Killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject>פקודות מאסר</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="346">Pogroms and riots</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552532</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">An anonymous testimony regarding the murder of the Jews of Marijampole</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

Print

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">Check criteria -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="lit" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Lithuanian</language>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[An anonymous testimony regarding the murder of the Jews of Marijampole Transfer of the Jews of Marijampole to killing pits; abuse of Jews; murder of Jews by Lithuanians and Germans, 01 September 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators; photograph of the murder by Germans; looting of Jewish owned property; Jews hanged themselves.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject>Photography and photographers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1321">Killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Marijampole,Marijampolė,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Survey report</genreform>
          <genreform>Survey</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552533</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Rivke Shlomovitz, born in Prienai, Lithuania, 1907, regarding her experiences in Jonava, the Kaunas Ghetto, a camp in Germany and a hearsay testimony of the Jews in Prienai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

10 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1941-12-16 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Rivke Shlomovitz, born in Prienai, Lithuania, 1907, regarding her experiences in Jonava, the Kaunas Ghetto, a camp in Germany and a hearsay testimony of the Jews in Prienai Life before the war; move to Kaunas. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; escape with her husband and daughter to Jonava; unsuccessful escape attempt; life in Jonava including air-raids; capture of Jews by Lithuanians; concentration of the Jews in a house and burning of the Jews; escape to Kaunas, 29 July 1941; ghetto life; camp life in Germany; return with her daughter to Prienai; life in Prienai; receives information from a neighbor about the Jews in Prienai; German occupation, 24 June 1941; transfer of the civil authority by the Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews including yellow badge; deportation of Jewish youths; disappearance of the youths; murder of the men; murder of the women and children; looting of Jewish owned property; list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="346">Pogroms and riots</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jonava,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Prienai,Marijampolė,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552534</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Berel Krengel, regarding his experiences in Pilviskiai, Germany and hearsay testimony of the Kalvarija Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-04-20 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Berel Krengel, regarding his experiences in Pilviskiai, Germany and hearsay testimony of the Kalvarija Jews Life in Pilviskiai. Escape to Germany with his family; liberation by the Red Army, 1945. Return to Kalvarija; life in Kalvarijia; receives information about Jewish life in Kalvarija before the war; receives information about the Soviet occupation; escape to a place for refugees from the German occupied area, 1939; German occupation, 22 June 1941; transfer of the local authority by the Lithuanians; murder of Jews, July 1941; list of names of Jews who were murdered; deportation of Jews to forced labor; abuse of Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; concentration of the Jews from Kozlowa Ruda, Kalvarija and Marijampole, 29 August 1941; murder of Jews; list of names of those murdered; list of names of those who escaped to the Soviet Union.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="304">Refugees during the war</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Craftsmen</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Marijampole,Marijampolė,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kozlowa Ruda,Kalvarija,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kalvarija,Kalvarija,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of survivors</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552535</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Alter Aranowski, born in Liskiava, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Veisiejai, Kuktiskes, the Druskieniki Ghetto, with the partisans in a forest and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

Print

14 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Alter Aranowski, born in Liskiava, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Veisiejai, Kuktiskes, the Druskieniki Ghetto, with the partisans in a forest and other places Life in Liskiava; move to Veisiejai, 1925. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; German occupation; establishment of the local authority by the Lithuanians; deportation to forced labor; arrest of Jews; looting of property; abuse and murder of Jews; deportation of Jews from Kapciamiestis to Kuktiskes; escape; return escape and joins the deportees; camp life; escape, hidden by farmers in their homes and forests; escape with another youth to the Druskieniki Ghetto; ghetto life; contacts with partisans through acquaintances; liquidation of the ghetto during Sukkot, 1942; deportation of Jews to Grodno; escape to forests; life in forests including joining the partisans; life with the partisans including combat; liberation by the Red Army. Receives information about the murder of the Jews in Leipalingis by Lithuanian collaborators; receives information about the murder of Jews in Liskiava and Seiriaji.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escaping and joining the Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Liskiava,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Veisiejai,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seirijai,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Alytus,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kapciamiestis,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Druskieniki,Grodno,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Kuktiskes,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Leipalingis,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Newspaper clippings</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552536</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Domski, Kalwariski, Zef, and Helena Arentajte, regarding the Ladzijai Jews in Ladzijai and the Kuktiskes Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-04-28 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Domski, Kalwariski, Zef, and Helena Arentajte, regarding the Ladzijai Jews in Ladzijai and the Kuktiskes Ghetto Jewish life before the war in Ladzijai. Soviet occupation; deportation of well-to-do people and among them Jews to Siberia; German occupation, 22 June 1941; activities against the Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; deportation of the Jews to the Kuktiskes Ghetto; deportation of Jews from Veisiejai, Rudamina and Kapciamiestis to the Kuktiskes Ghetto; looting of Jewish owned property; deportation of Jews to forced labor; liquidation of the ghetto, 03 November 1941; murder of women, children and men in the killing pit; list of names of perpetrators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of Jewish property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Veisiejai,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rudamina,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Lazdijai,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kuktiskes,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552537</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Moyshe Fridberg, born in Mejszagola, Lithuania, 1907, regarding his experiences in the Mejszagola Ghetto, Rzesza and Bolkuni</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Original

11 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-20 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Moyshe Fridberg, born in Mejszagola, Lithuania, 1907, regarding his experiences in the Mejszagola Ghetto, Rzesza and Bolkuni Life before the war in Mejszagola; attends a Jewish elementary school. Soviet occupation, 1939; transfer to Lithuanian rule; Soviet occupation, 1940; German occupation, 26 June 1941; desecration of religious articles in the "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall); establishment of a local Lithuanian authority under the leadership of Mayor Astikas and the Chief of Police Salkauskas; restrictions on the Jews including deportation to forced labor; arrest of Jews and murder of men; transfer of Jews to a prison in Vilna; murder of Jews in Ponary; includes a list of names of those who were murdered; establishment of a ghetto, 31 July 1941; ghetto life; abuse of Jews and rape of women by Lithuanians; forced contribution; looting of Jewish owned property; transfer of Jews from Rzesza, Podbrezie and the surrounding area at the estate in Wilianowa; receives information of the murder of the Jews on the 22-24 September 1941; escape of a few Jews from the killing pit; includes a list of names of perpetrators; hidden by the farmer Printkewicz; escape with his brother to Rzesza; camp life including digging peat; receives information about the burning of Jews alive in the Bezdany Camp, 09 July 1943; escape with his brother and other Jews, 09 July 1943; wanderings in forests; hidden in a farmer's home in Bolkuni; liberation by the Red Army, 10 July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאוובסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Rzesza,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Podbrzezie,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Ponary,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Mejszagola,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552538</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of David Rudnik, regarding his experiences in Mejszagola, Rzesza and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-11-14 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of David Rudnik, regarding his experiences in Mejszagola, Rzesza and in hiding Life in Mejszagola. Transfer of Jews from a “Beit Midrash” (religious study hall) to the Wilianowa estate; abuse of Jews; transfer of Jews from Sudargas to Wilianowa; desecration of religious articles; murder of Jews in Wilianowa on Rosh Hashana, 1941; escape of Jews from a the killing pit; looting of the victims’ possessions; escape from a labor camp in Rzesza; hidden by farmers; liberation, July 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Sudargas,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rzesza,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Mejszagola,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552539</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chiene (Izrailski) Katzef, born in Paberze, Poland, 1920, regarding her experiences in Paberze, in hiding in Borskunu, the Vilna Ghetto and in hiding in villages in the Vilna district</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

17 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chiene (Izrailski) Katzef, born in Paberze, Poland, 1920, regarding her experiences in Paberze, in hiding in Borskunu, the Vilna Ghetto and in hiding in villages in the Vilna district Life before the war. German occupation, 24 June 1941; establishment of a local Lithuanian Authority; Polish activities in the local Authority including with Jozek Rimszewicz Sumbar and Heniek Janczek; arrival of Gestapo members from Vilna, 11 July 1941; "Aktion" by the Gestapo; abuse of Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; murder of Jewish men in a forest and in hiding of Jews; list of names of those murdered; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge and deportation to forced labor; receives information about a forthcoming deportation and escape with her sister; receives information about the deportation of Jews to the Wilianowa estate, 20 September 1941; deportation of Jews from Rzesza, Dukstas, Jeruzalimka, Suderwa and Mejszagola to the Wilianowa estate; transfer of Jews in groups to a forest in the area; shooting of Jews, 22-24 September 1941; escape of Jews and hidden by farmers and in hiding in forests; escape to Borskunu; life hidden in a farmer's home including work as a seamstress; escape to another farmer; escape to the Vilna Ghetto, autumn 1942; escape to villages in the Vilna district; life hidden in farmer's homes; liberation, 25 June 1944. Visits in Paberze; murder of Jews by Poles.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Paberze,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Wilno,Ghetto,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552540</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chiene Friedberg, born in Rzesza, Poland, 1917, regarding her experiences in Rzesza, the Vilna Ghetto and in hiding in Prusziszki</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-03-20 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chiene Friedberg, born in Rzesza, Poland, 1917, regarding her experiences in Rzesza, the Vilna Ghetto and in hiding in Prusziszki Life before the war in Rzesza. German occupation, 25 June 1941; murder of Jews at the Wilianowa estate, 20 September 1941; murder of Jeruzalimka Jews at the Wilianow estate, 20 September 1941; life in a peat shed until 11 July 1943; deportation with additional Jews to the Vilna Ghetto; escape to Prusziszki; murder of her husband by a Lithuanian; life hidden by the female farmer Lewkowska; liberation.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Rzesza,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Jeruzalimka,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552541</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Leyzer Goldman, born in Olkieniki, Lithuania (Poland), 1895, regarding his experiences in Olkieniki, Ejszyszk, Vilna, with the partisans in the Rudnicki forest and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-12-21 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Leyzer Goldman, born in Olkieniki, Lithuania (Poland), 1895, regarding his experiences in Olkieniki, Ejszyszk, Vilna, with the partisans in the Rudnicki forest and other places Life before the war in Olkieniki. German occupation, 23 June 1941; local Lithuanian administration government; deportation to forced labor; yellow badge; looting of Jewish owned property; abuse of Jews; concentration of men from Leipung and Selo, 21 September 1941; deportation to Ejszyszk; life in Ejszyszk; murder of men; deportation of women, the sick, children and the elderly to Ejszyszk; murder of the women, the sick, children and the elderly; escape to villages in Belarussia; escape to Woronowa; escape to Lieda; escape to Nowogrodek; escape to Iwie; escape to Vilna; escape to the Rudnicki forest; forest life with the partisans in the Revenge Battalion; combat with the battalion under the command of Abba Kovner.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Sick people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of Jewish property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Rudnicki,forest,Murder Site,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Olkieniki,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Iwie,Lida,Nowogrodek,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Lejpun,Seiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552542</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Sara (Deich) Einbinder, born in Niemenczyn, Poland, 1910, regarding her experiences Niemenczyn, in hiding in Kukisiszki and Powlukone</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

22 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-25 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Sara (Deich) Einbinder, born in Niemenczyn, Poland, 1910, regarding her experiences Niemenczyn, in hiding in Kukisiszki and Powlukone Life before the war; attends a Polish elementary school. Soviet occupation, 1940; German occupation, 04 June 1941; air-raids by the German air-force, 23 July 1941; establishment of a Lithuanian authority lead by Cerkauskas Bronius; receives information about the murder of the Jews in Inturke, Joniskis and Moletai; life in Kukisiszki hidden by a farmer; her daughter is in hiding in another place; establishment of the Judenrat in Niemenczyn; looting of Jewish owned property; concentration and murder of the Jews in a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall), 20 September 1941; hears the gun shots; escape of a few Jews from the killing pit and hidden by farmers; watches the looting; life in a bunker with her brother in the yard of a farmer; escape with her siblings to another farmer; escape of her daughter to a farmer's home in Powlukone; her daughter’s move between farmer's homes; escape of his daughter to his grandparents in the Postavy Ghetto; liquidation of the ghetto and murder of his grandparents and daughter; escape to a farmer's home in Powlukone; life in hiding in various places in the farmer's home; liberation.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="735">Rabbis</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Podbrodzie,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Podbreze,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Niemenczyn,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Moletai,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Joniskis,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Inturke,Utena,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Giedraiciai,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552543</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Jekutiel Gordon, born in Niemenczyn, Poland, 1900, regarding his experiences in hiding in Niemenczyn, Kilnobridzi, Rokoani, bunkers in the Suzani forest and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

5 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-30 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Jekutiel Gordon, born in Niemenczyn, Poland, 1900, regarding his experiences in hiding in Niemenczyn, Kilnobridzi, Rokoani, bunkers in the Suzani forest and other places Life before the war in Niemenczyn; completion of Hebrew elementary school in 1914; work as a merchant. Outbreak of the war, 22 June 1941; deportation to a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall) and escape, 20 September 1941; life in hiding in a cellar; arrival of his sister to take him to the "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall); escape to the "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall) with his sister; guarding of the place by Lithuanians; escape and in hiding in an attic; watches the deportation of the Jews; hears gun shots; escape to a farmer in Kilnobridzi; the farmer holds the family belongings; life in hiding; escape to Rakoani; life hidden in farmer's homes in Rakoani; escape to Libaluwka, spring 1943; escape to the Suzani forest, autumn 1943; life in a bunker in a forest with additional Jews until February 1944; manhunt and digging in an additional bunker; life in the bunker including buying food from bunkers; liberation, summer 1944; comments on Sara (Deich) Einbinder's testimony concerning the murder of the Niemenczyn Jews.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Niemenczyn,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552544</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Awraham Daic, born in Niemenczyn, Poland, 1914, regarding his experiences in Niemenczyn, hiding places in Powlukane, Gricuzi, Gricuni and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-11-10 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Awraham Daic, born in Niemenczyn, Poland, 1914, regarding his experiences in Niemenczyn, hiding places in Powlukane, Gricuzi, Gricuni and other places Life before the war; attends an elementary school. Restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge, 08 July 1941; desecration of religious articles from the "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall) by Lithuanians, 11 July 1941; arrest of Jews and their transfer to a prison in Wilno, 14 July 1941; cooperation of Jews to Lithuanians in the looting of Jewish owned property; escape to Powlukane with his brother and sister, 25 September 1941; life in Powlukane including in hidden in a farmer's house; escape with siblings to swamps; escape to Gricuzi; life in Gricuzi in hiding in a farmer's barn; betrayal of his hiding place by neighbors and escape to another farmer in Gricuzi; discovery of his hiding place by neighbors; escape to another farmer; escape to Gricuni, spring 1943; escape to Pawlukauc; escape again to Gricuni; in hiding in a farmer's home behind the oven; in hiding in a bunker in a pigsty during manhunts; hidden by Jan Mikulewitz, a farmer; receives money and belongings while in hiding from a Polish shoemaker Alekasander Semaszko; the money received was used as payment to the farmers that hid him; liberation, 07 July 1944. Murder of the farmer by a non-Jew, April 1944.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="265">Hiding place</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="669">Prisons</subject>
          <subject>Desecration of religious articles</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Niemenczyn,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilna,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552545</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Mosze Gilinski, born in Lyntupy, Lithuania, 1912, regarding his experiences in the Lyntupy Ghetto, the Swieciany Ghetto and with the partisans in a forest</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-09-06 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Mosze Gilinski, born in Lyntupy, Lithuania, 1912, regarding his experiences in the Lyntupy Ghetto, the Swieciany Ghetto and with the partisans in a forest Life before the war in Lyntupy. German occupation; transfer of the local administration by the Poles; looting of Jewish owned property; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; deportation to forced labor; escape of refugees from Swieciany and the surrounding area; knowledge of the murder of Jews in a poligon, 08-09 October 1941; establishment of a ghetto; ghetto life including Judenrat activities; annexation of the ghetto to the Lithuanian occupied area, spring 1942; killing of Germans by parisans led by Markov, 19 May 1942; acts of retaliation by Germans including the murder of non-Jewish and Jewish farmers; liquidation of the ghetto and deportation of the Jews to a Christian cemetery, 20 December 1942; in hiding in an attic; receives information about the murder of Jews in a cemetery by German and Lithuanian policeman; escape to the Swieciany Ghetto; ghetto life; liquidation of the ghetto and escape to a forest; forest life including joining the partisans.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="212">Resistance</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Polish collaborators to be deleted</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Lyntupy,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Swieciany,Swieciany,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552546</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Shloyme Katz, born in Jonava, Lithuania, 1892, regarding his experiences in Jonava and the Kaunas Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-06-02 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Shloyme Katz, born in Jonava, Lithuania, 1892, regarding his experiences in Jonava and the Kaunas Ghetto Life before the war in Jonava; marriage to a Lithuanian; life on his farm Isori. German occupation, 27 June 1941; receives information about the detention and murder of the Jews in Fort 7; attack on Jews by Lithuanian collaborators led by Vilkevicius; receives information about the murder of Russian farmers in Uzusuoliai, July 1941; participation of the brothers Malinovsky and Vilkevicius in the murder of the Russians; murder of Jews from Jonava, the Kaunas district and the Giralke forest; deportation with his family to the Kaunas Ghetto; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Ukmerge,Ukmerge,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jonava,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552547</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Abe Lison, born in Vandziogala, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Vandziogala, Babtai, in hiding in forests and fields</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Abe Lison, born in Vandziogala, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Vandziogala, Babtai, in hiding in forests and fields Life before the war in Vandziogala. German occupation, 25 June 1941; arrest of Jews by Lithuanian collaborators; yellow badge; deportation to forced labor; murder of Jewish men; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; deportation with his father, brother and Jewish men to a "Beit Midrash" (religious study hall) in Babtai, 16 August 1941; forced contribution from Jewish men; release with his brother with the help of his friend the Police Commissioner in Vandziogala; capture by a Lithuanian; escape and capture of his brother; murder of men from Vandziogala and Batai, 01 September 1941; escape and hidden by farmers in the area; meets his sister secretly and receives food; deportation of women to Babtai; receives information about the murder of women; wanderings in fields and forests; life in hiding with two Jews from Kedainiai; liberation by the Red Army; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kedainiai,Kedainiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Babtai,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vandziogala,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552548</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Sheine (Glik) Nozhikov, born in Babtai, Lithuania, 1903, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in villages in the Jurbarkas area and hearsay testimony of the Babtai Jews in Babtai and Bor</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1948-01-26 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Sheine (Glik) Nozhikov, born in Babtai, Lithuania, 1903, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in villages in the Jurbarkas area and hearsay testimony of the Babtai Jews in Babtai and Bor Life before the war; attends a Jewish elementary school; marriage and move to Kaunas; life in Kaunas including work as a grocer's assistant. Ghetto life; deportation of Jews to camps; escape with her son and daughter, 20 December 1943; in hiding in villages in the Jurbarkas area; liberation by the Red Army. Move to Babtai; life in Babtai; receives information from locals regarding the fate of the Jews during the war; German occupation, 24 June 1941; appointment of Antanac Janusevsky as mayor and Jan Inc as the Lithuanian chief of police; arrest and murder of Jews; deportation of Jews to forced labor; murder of Jewish men from Vandziogala in the Bor forest; murder of Jewish men from Babtai in the Bor forest.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Babtai,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jurbarkas,Raseiniai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vandziogala,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552549</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony (hearsay) of Moshe Karnovsky, born in Vilkija, Lithuania, 1907, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Vilkija and testimony of Rachel (Aharonovich) Gimpel, born in Vilkijia, Lithuania, 1923, regagding her experiences in Kaunas, with the parti</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony (hearsay) of Moshe Karnovsky, born in Vilkija, Lithuania, 1907, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Vilkija and testimony of Rachel (Aharonovich) Gimpel, born in Vilkijia, Lithuania, 1923, regagding her experiences in Kaunas, with the partisans in the Rudniki forest and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Vilkija Jews Moshe Karnovsky: Life before the war. Soviet occupation; Communist activities with Jewish youth; move to Siauliai; life in Siauliai; receives information from a farmer and acquaintances about the experiences of the Jews in Vilkija; receives information about the German occupation, 26 June 1941; local authority Lithuanian leadership led by Starmekuitis, Dailyse and others; arrest of Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; murder of Jews, 15 July 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; forced contribution; deportation to forced labor; murder of women and children from Vilkija, Velinona, Cekiske and Jaucakiai; murder of men from Vilkija in Jieznas. Rachel (--) Gimpel: Life before the war; attends an elementary school; move to Kaunas, 1937; life in Kaunas. Receives information from a Jew from Vilkija about the outbreak of the war and murder of Jews by Lithuanians; escape to the Rudniki forest with her husband; life in the forest including joining the partisans with her husband; end of the war. Return to Vilkija; receives information from non-Jewish farmers about the deportation of Jews to a synagogue in Jaucakiai during the war; deportation of Jewish men to a local forest; shooting of men.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Cekiske,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jieznas,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Jaucakiai,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilkija,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Veliona,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered people</genreform>
          <genreform>List of persecuted persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552550</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Shachne Volk, Yerachmiel Volk, Yitzhak Volk, Natan Volk, all born in Zapyskis, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and Stutthof, and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Zapyskis and Kriukai; Testi</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-09-04 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Shachne Volk, Yerachmiel Volk, Yitzhak Volk, Natan Volk, all born in Zapyskis, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and Stutthof, and hearsay testimony of the experiences of the Jews in Zapyskis and Kriukai; Testimony of Reuven Linkovski, regarding his experiences in Ukmerge, Kaunas and Germany that complements the testimony of the Volk brothers The Volk brothers: Life before the war in Zapyskis; attends an elementary school; the brothers move to Kaunas in 1936. Outbreak of the war; ghetto life; deportation of the brothers to Stutthof camp; receives information about the experiences of the Jews in Zapyskis; German occupation, 23 June 1941; establishment of a local authority by the Lithuanians; deportation of Jews to forced labor picking peet; deportation of the Jews to Kriukai; forced contribution; murder of Jews; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators. Reuven Linkovski: Life before the war in Zapyskis; move to Kaunas, 1929; work as a tailor; outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union; escape with his wife to Ukmerge; German occupation; escape back to Kaunas; deportation to Germany; this testimony complements the Volk brothers testimony of the Jews in Zapyskis.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Zapyskis,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kriukai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552551</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Joseph Gar, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, the Vilkaviskis district and hearsay testimony of the Kruonis Jews in the Darsuniskis Ghetto</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

Print

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Joseph Gar, born in Kaunas, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, the Vilkaviskis district and hearsay testimony of the Kruonis Jews in the Darsuniskis Ghetto Life before the war in Kaunas; studies in a teachers college; work as a journalist. Outbreak of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, 22 June 1941; German occupation, 25 June 1941; arrest of Jews, 7-8 July 1941; guarding of Jews by Lithuanians; release of women and children; release of men; murder of a Jewish family by Juoscas Bilisetys, a Lithuanian, farmer due to a land dispute with the farmer; ghetto life; deportation of Jews with Pakuonis, also a Jew, to the Darsuniskis Ghetto, 03 September 1941; murder of women; murder of Jewish men; murder of men in a cemetery, 03 September 1941; deportation on a train to Germany, 12 July 1944; jumps with a woman from the train, 12 August 1944; escape to fields and forests; life in the Vilkaviskis district; liberation by the Red Army, 18 August 1944. Move in the direction of Kaunas; visit in Kruonis; Lithuanian collaborators activities lead by Juozas Bileisys; the file also includes an article on the murder of Jews in Seirijai, November 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from deportation</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kruonis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pakuonis,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pilviskis,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Seirijai,Alytus,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Darsuniskis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Newspaper clippings</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552552</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chana Shuster, born in Rumsiskes, Lithuania, 1910, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and in hiding</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-05-15 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chana Shuster, born in Rumsiskes, Lithuania, 1910, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto and in hiding Life before the war in Kaunas; attends a Hebrew high school. Outbreak of the war; ghetto life; escape with her husband and son, 17 November 1943; receives information during and after the war about the fate of the Jews in Rumsiskes; German occupation of Rumsiskes; hidden by farmers; establishment of a local civil authority by Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews; robbery of Jewish owned property; murder of Jews; forced labor digging peat in Prvieniskes; murder of Jews, 1941; life in hiding in two hiding places; liberation by the Red Army, 12 July 1944. Move to Rumsisikes.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Praveniskes,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Rumsiskes,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552553</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Arye Penkinsky, born in Naumiestis, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Naumiestis and Kaunas</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

16 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-07-21 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Arye Penkinsky, born in Naumiestis, Lithuania, 1905, regarding his experiences in Naumiestis and Kaunas Life before the war in Naumiestis. German occupation; appointment of Juozas Lurinaitis as the head of the Lithuanian civil administration; restrictions on the Jews including the yellow badge; deportation to forced labor; looting of Jewish owned property; murder of Jewish men in a cemetery, 02 July 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; "Aktion" and discovery of men in hiding; arrests and murder of Jews; escape to Kaunas; receives information of the murder of Jews near Kirmiskiai, 28 July 1941; receives information of the murder of the Naumiestis Jews, 16 September 1941; murder of Jews in the Ninth Fort, 29 October 1941.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="747">Cemeteries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1321">Killing pits</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="320">Mentally Ill people</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sakiai,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Naumiestis,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552554</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Josef Gerther, born in Kriukai, Lithuania, 1914, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, Kedainiai, with the partisans in a forest and hearsay testimony of the Kriukai and Seredzius Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-12-11 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Josef Gerther, born in Kriukai, Lithuania, 1914, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, Kedainiai, with the partisans in a forest and hearsay testimony of the Kriukai and Seredzius Jews Life before the war; life in Raseimiai including learns in an elementary school; learns in a Hebrew high school; life in Seredzius including learns in a yeshiva; life in Kaunas. Outbreak of the war; German occupation, 22 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews; arrest of Jews; looting of Jewish owned property; murder of Jewish men and Lithuanian communists in Sakiai, 09 July 1941; murder of the women and children in Zapyskis; ghetto life; deportation to Kedainiai, autumn 1942; camp life; escape with other Jews to forests; life in forests with partisans; end of the war. Receives information from farmers about the local Jews; receives information about the deportation of Jews from Seredzius and Jurbarkas; receives information about Jews in hiding in farmers homes until the liberation; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder; receives information about the murder of Jews from Seredzius in Cekiske; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Seredzius,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sakiai,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Zapyskis,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Cekiske,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kriukai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552555</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Israel Igdalski, born Sakiai, Lithuania, 1912, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, the Siauliai Ghetto, Aleksotas, Panevezys, other places and a hearsay testimony of the Sakiai Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-04-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Israel Igdalski, born Sakiai, Lithuania, 1912, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, the Siauliai Ghetto, Aleksotas, Panevezys, other places and a hearsay testimony of the Sakiai Jews Life before the war. Move to Kaunas, 06 April 1941; Kaunas Ghetto life; Aleksotas camp life, Panevezys camp life; Siauliai Ghetto life; transfer to Dachau; camp life; transfer to Tirol; liberation by the US Army, 30 April, 1945. Receives information via letters from relatives during the war and from locals after the war regarding the Jews of Sakiai; German occupation; murder of Jewish men by Lithuanians, 05 July 1941; murder of Jewish women and children, 13-14 September 1941; looting of Jewish owned property; list of names of Lithuanian collaborators. Life in Linz, 1946; extradition of Lithuanian murderers from Sakiai by the US Army; receives information of a murderer sentenced to death.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1130">Trials</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Sakiai,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Panevezys,Panevezys,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_camps" authfilenumber="177">Dachau,Camp,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Aleksotas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552556</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Malka Kogan (Rabinow), born in Sakiai, Lithuania, 1910, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, camps in Germany and hearsay testimony of the Sakiai Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

6 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1947-01-20 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Malka Kogan (Rabinow), born in Sakiai, Lithuania, 1910, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, camps in Germany and hearsay testimony of the Sakiai Jews Life before the war; move to Kaunas; life in Kaunas including studies medicine; work as a bookkeeper; visit of her mother. Outbreak of the war; her mother receives a return permit to Sakiai; her mother's escape to Sakiai; deportation to the Kaunas Ghetto; ghetto life including escape of her mother back to the ghetto; receives information from her mother about the German occupation of Sakiai; transfer of the civil administration to the Lithuanians; murder of Jewish men by the Lithuanian Federavicius and others; forced contribution; yellow badge; looting of property; murder of Jews, 1941; transfer of women and children in groups to a pit; murder of women and children; distribution and sale of belongings of those murdered by Lithuanians; Kaunas Ghetto life including an "Aktion" and deportation of her mother; deportation to camps in Germany; liberation by the Red Army. Return to Sakiai; receives information from her aunt about the transfer of women and children to a barn; list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Luksiai,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Sakiai,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kriukai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Griskabudis,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552557</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Icchak Filc, born in Sakiai, Lithuania, 1915, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in Erzvilkas and hearsay testimony (presumably) of the Sakiai Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1943-02-23 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Icchak Filc, born in Sakiai, Lithuania, 1915, regarding his experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, in hiding in Erzvilkas and hearsay testimony (presumably) of the Sakiai Jews Life before the war; move to Kaunas, 1936. Life in the Kaunas Ghetto; escape and in hiding in Erzvilkas, December 1943; life with a group of Jews in the Erzvilkas area and then in hiding in Erzvilkas; liberation. Hearsay testimony (presumably) of the Sakiai Jews: German occupation of Sakiai; arrest of Jews; murder of men, 05 July 1941; looting of property of those murdered; concentration of women and children and their murder; includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="212">Resistance</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Sakiai,Sakiai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Erzvilkas,Taurage,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552558</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Leib Ziberg, born in Pilviskiai, Lithuania, 1915 and Yocheved Gertner, regarding their experiences in Pilviskiai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

18 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946 - 1948-12-04</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Leib Ziberg, born in Pilviskiai, Lithuania, 1915 and Yocheved Gertner, regarding their experiences in Pilviskiai Life before the war in Pilviskisi. Outbreak of the war; escape of Jewish families to the Soviet Union; German occupation, 22 June 1941; restrictions on the Jews including deportation to forced labor; establishment of a local authority by the Lithuanians; murder of Jews; abuse of Jews; yellow badge; deportation of Jewish men to a forest in the Tilcius area, 29 August 1941; murder of men, 29 August 1941; includes a list of names of Lithuanian perpetrators of murder; murder of women and children, 15 September 1941; murder of Jews hidden by farmers.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Pilviskiai,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552559</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Meir Yitzhak Jodlowicz, regarding his experiences in hiding in Pilviskiai</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Meir Yitzhak Jodlowicz, regarding his experiences in hiding in Pilviskiai Life in Pilviskiai during the German occupation, 23 June 1941; establishment of a local Lithuanian authority; restrictions on the Jews including yellow badge; deportation to forced labor; abuse of Jews; concentration of Jewish men on the banks of the Visaki river; murder of the men, 29 August 1941; list of the names of those murdered; list of names of Lithuanian collaborators; murder of elderly Jews; murder of women and children, 15 September 1941; capture of Jews in hiding in farmers homes; murder of those in hiding; escape wearing women's clothes to a Russian named Aleksei Michailov; life hidden by a neighbor; his wife and children are hidden by a Lithuanian partisan; his wife and children's life in a cellar with additional Jews; arrest of the people hiding them because they were informed on; rescue of the family from murder; murder of other Jews; escape of his wife and children to his neighbor's home; digs a pit; life in hiding in the pit with his family; liberation.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Pilviskiai,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552560</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Berl Krengelis, born in Kalvarija, Lithuania, 1906 and Esther Krengelis, regarding their experiences in Pilviskai, the Kaunas Ghetto, and using a false identity in Insternburg and Wilkenthal</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

21 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Berl Krengelis, born in Kalvarija, Lithuania, 1906 and Esther Krengelis, regarding their experiences in Pilviskai, the Kaunas Ghetto, and using a false identity in Insternburg and Wilkenthal Life before the war; life in Klaipeda; move to Pilviskai, 1939. German occupation, 23 June 1941; transfer of the local administration to the Lithuanians; Lithuanian leadership led by Bridzius Vasilius (Lithuanian police) and Vasilius; restrictions on the Jews; deportation of Jews to forced labor; looting of property, money and jewelry from Jews; abuse of Jews; establishment of the Judenrat; yellow badge; murder of men and women in the village of Tilcius, 29 August 1941; “Aktion” headed by Germans and the Lithuanians Ilgunas, Romanauskas, Burokas with others; receives information about the murder of Jewish men from Vilkaviskis; murder of women and children in the village of Tilcius, 15 September 1941; includes a list of names of Jews who were murdered; joins skilled professionals from the Tigras fur factory; transfer of skilled professionals to the Kaunas Ghetto, summer 1942; list of names of survivors from Pilviskai; escape to Germany using a false identity with the help of the farmer Jozas Zavadzkos; transfer to Instenburg; life in Insternburg using a false identity including forced labor; transfer to Wilkenthal, 22 October 1941; life in Wilkenthal using a false identity in a farmer's home; forced labor for the farmer; birth of a daughter; termination of her employment by the farmer due to economic difficulties; life in Insternburg; obtains work in a blanket factory; air-raids over Insternburg by the Red Army air force; liberation by the Red Army. Return to Lithuania.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="579">Judenrat</subject>
          <subject>Forging of Documents</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="540">Mass murders</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Assistance to Jews-Lithuania</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="183">Aryan documents</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject>Birth</subject>
          <subject>Badge of shame - Lithuania</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of Jewish property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="642">Persecution of the Jews of Lithuania</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Pilviskai,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Wolkowysk,Wolkowysk,Bialystok,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Baltrusiai,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname source="ehri_ghettos" authfilenumber="874">Kaunas,Ghetto,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Klaipeda,Klaipeda,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Insterburg,Insterburg (Gumbinnen),East Prussia,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="843">Letter</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552561</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Genie Cwaig, born in Virbalis, Lithuania, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, and her hearsay testimony of the murder of the Virbalis Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

7 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1945-03-28 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Genie Cwaig, born in Virbalis, Lithuania, regarding her experiences in the Kaunas Ghetto, and her hearsay testimony of the murder of the Virbalis Jews Life before the war; attends a government school and a high school. Escape, 1941; life in the Kaunas Ghetto; escape from the ghetto; visit in Virbalis; receives information of the murder of the Jewish men from Virbalis by the farm in Raudondvory, 10 July 1941; murder of the women and children together with the Jews from Kybartai and Vistiniec, 11-12 September 1941; the murders were carried out by Lithuanian collaborators under the leadership of Bablericius Vladas; end of the war. Includes names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Virbalis,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vistytis,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kybartai,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552562</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony (hearsay) of Leib Koniuchowsky regarding the murder of the Kybartai Jews</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

3 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1945-03-28 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony (hearsay) of Leib Koniuchowsky regarding the murder of the Kybartai Jews Receives information about the Kybartai Jews during the war; German occupation, 22 June 1941; establishment of a local civil administration by the Lithuanians; deportation of Jews to forced labor; looting of Jewish owned property; yellow badge; murder of the men from Kybarta in Sneltinas; murder of the women and children with Jews from Virbalis and Vistiniec by Lithuanian police, 12 September 1941; selling of the clothes of the Jewish victims after their murder; murder of POWs.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="511">POWs</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kybartai,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Virbalis,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vistytis,Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552563</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Joint testimony of Esther (Faktorovsky) Friedman, born in Vilkaviskis, Lithuania, 1922, and Rivke Faktorovsky, born in Kalvarija, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in Vilkaviskis and using a false identity</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Original

8 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-14 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Joint testimony of Esther (Faktorovsky) Friedman, born in Vilkaviskis, Lithuania, 1922, and Rivke Faktorovsky, born in Kalvarija, Lithuania, regarding their experiences in Vilkaviskis and using a false identity Life before the war in Vilkaviskis. German occupation, 23 June 1941; establishment of a local civil administration by Lithuanians under the leadership of Draugelis; murder of Jewish men, 28 July 1941; looting of Jewish owned property; transfer of Jewish women to labor for the farmers in the area; activities of the head of the German police, Krause; concentration of Jewish women in a local military camp; murder of the women, 24 September 1941; murder of children, the sick and the elderly; murder of Jews and Pilviskisi, 13, 15 October, 1941; escape and the sisters are in hiding; capture and transfer to a jail in Vilkaviskis; life with Jews in a prison; murder of Jewish inmates; interrogation by the Gestapo; obtains forged documents with the help of Jusiene Ursule, a farmer; release from the prison; life in the farmer's home using a non-Jewish identity; visits in a church; labor cleaning; liberation by the Red Army, 01 August 1944; Return of the sisters to Judaism; life in Lansberg DP camp: Esther's marriage; Rivke's work as a teacher in a Hebrew school.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject>Elderly</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="338">Badge of shame</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject>Sick people</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552564</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Collective testimony of Sender Zlotnik, born in Vilkaviskis and the Lithuanians Mikulis, Elena Volkoviene and Ursula Urbanaityte, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Vilkaviskis</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Original

13 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1944-10-19 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Collective testimony of Sender Zlotnik, born in Vilkaviskis and the Lithuanians Mikulis, Elena Volkoviene and Ursula Urbanaityte, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Vilkaviskis German occupation, 23 June 1941; establishment of a local authority by Lithuanians; restrictions on the Jews, concentration of men in a camp; murder of the men, 28 July 1941; deportation of Jews to forced labor; abuse of Jews; looting of property; concentration of the women and children in a camp; murder of the women and children, 24 September 1941; murder of young Jewish women by the Lithuanian policeman Raints; murder of young women, spring 1942; liberation by the Red Army.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>ילידים</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="569">Hunger</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Vilkaviskis,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552565</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Articles, affidavits, publications and correspondence of L. Koniuchowsky with various organizations after the war</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Handwritten, original

Print

69 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="eng" encodinganalog="3.4.3">English</language>
            <language langcode="heb" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Hebrew</language>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Articles, affidavits, publications and correspondence of L. Koniuchowsky with various organizations after the war Includes: 1. Confirmation by the Union of the Lithuanian Jews in Germany dated 21 March 1948 declaring that Leib Koniuchowsky has been collecting material on the extermination of Lithuanian Jewry for more than two years. 2. Correspondence conducted by Koniuchowsky with the board of trustees of the Lithuanian Jewry Research Institute in Munich on 22 May 1949 and 30 June 1948 concerning a historical survey to be prepared on the extermination of Lithuanian Jewry. 3.Statement issued by the Conference of Jewish Material Claims Against Germany in New York concerning the publication of testimonies collected by L. Koniuchowsky. 4. Letter dated 06 April 1948 from Dr. Philip Friedman, Munich, to Mark Yudel, New York, regarding compilation of testimonies from Lithuanian towns by L. Koniuchowsky. 5. Correspondence of Koniuchowsky with YIVO, New York, and with the Association of Lithuanian Jews in Israel.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="000130">Friedman, Philip</persname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Muenchen,München (München),Bavaria,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>New York,&lt;&gt;,New York,United States</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,United States of America</geogname>
          <geogname>Tel Aviv,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Israel</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Article</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="843">Letter</genreform>
          <genreform>Research article</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552566</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Personal documents of Leib Koniuchowsky</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Print

15 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="eng" encodinganalog="3.4.3">English</language>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Personal documents of Leib Koniuchowsky. Includes: - Invalid card (not dated) issued in the name of Leib Koniuchowsky by a medical council in Munich resulting from an injury incurred in the Kaunas Ghetto during 1942-1943. - Confirmation of physical incapacity of Leib Koniuchowsky dated 14 October 1950, Munich. - Confirmation of membership in the Poalei Zion party of Germany, 13 September 1948.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Muenchen,München (München),Bavaria,Germany</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1137">Personal documents</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3552575</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony (hearsay) of Gerszn Reibsztein, born in Jonava, Lithuania, 1909, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Jonava</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten copy

Original

20 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1946-12-24 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony (hearsay) of Gerszn Reibsztein, born in Jonava, Lithuania, 1909, regarding the experiences of the Jews in Jonava Release and return to Jonava; receives information about the German occupation, 26 June 1941; riots by Lithuanians; includes names of Jews who were murdered during the riots; includes names of Lithuanian collaborators in the riots; rape of young Jewish women; looting of Jewish owned property by Lithuanians; deportation of Jews to forced labor; abuse of a rabbi; Jews are ordered to give forced contributions; murder of Jewish men in the Girelkiai forest, 21-22 August 1941; murder of Jewish women and children; deportation of Jews to the Kaunas Ghetto. Includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject>Contribution</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="556">Forced labor</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="824">Children</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="346">Pogroms and riots</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="825">Women</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Jonava,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaufering,Camp,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt; (&lt;&gt;),&lt;&gt;,Germany</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Kaunas,Kaunas,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform>Record of murdered persons</genreform>
          <genreform>List of names</genreform>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>3565182</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Chaskiel Fleisher, born in Saukenai, Lithuania, 1916, regarding his experiences in Kurseniai, Linkuva, detention, a ghetto in Siauliai, in hiding in Telsiai and other places</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Handwritten, original

10 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Chaskiel Fleisher, born in Saukenai, Lithuania, 1916, regarding his experiences in Kurseniai, Linkuva, detention, a ghetto in Siauliai, in hiding in Telsiai and other places Life before the war in Kurseniai. Outbreak of the war; escape; deportation to Linkuva; transfer to a prison in Siauliai; prison life with Soviet POWs and Lithuanian Communists; starvation of inmates; transfer by truck to the Kurseniai forest; digging of pits; transfer to prison; release from the prison; life in the Siauliai Ghetto; correspondence with family members in Kurseniai; "Aktion" against children; escape with his wife; life in hiding in Telsiai; life in hiding in Girkalnis; liberation by the Red Army, autumn 1944. Includes a list of names of Lithuanian collaborators. Return to Kurseniai; life in Kurseniai.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <originalsloc encodinganalog="3.5.1">
          <p><![CDATA[הפקדה אישית]]></p>
        </originalsloc>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: לייב קאניוכאווסקי]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape from the ghettos</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="223">Lithuanian collaborators</subject>
          <subject>Jewish libraries</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="891">Jewish banks</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1134">Schools</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="758">Synagogues</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="660">Theft of property</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="549">Workshops</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>Kursenai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Linkuva,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Siauliai,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Žagarė,Siauliai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
          <genreform>List of murdered persons</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
      <c01 level="file">
        <did>
          <unitid>9574076</unitid>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="3.1.2">Testimony of Avraham Yudke Gaus, regarding his experiences in hiding in Panosiskes, with the partisans and the Rudnicki forest</unittitle>
          <physdesc encodinganalog="3.1.5">Original

4 pages/frames</physdesc>
          <unitdate encodinganalog="3.1.3">1941-07-03 -</unitdate>
          <langmaterial>
            <language langcode="yid" encodinganalog="3.4.3">Yiddish</language>
          </langmaterial>
        </did>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="3.3.1">
          <p><![CDATA[Testimony of Avraham Yudke Gaus regarding his experiences in hiding in Panosiskes and with the partisans in the Rudnicki forests Life before the war in Panosiskes. Outbreak of the war; concentration of Jews in the synagogue; murder of the Jews; escape and being hidden by farmers in the area; murder of the Jews of Onuskis and Panosiskes; life in hiding in the home of Prof. Zemaitis with other Jews; escape to the Rudnicki forests; life in the forests including joining the "For Victory" partisan batallion. Also in the file: Testimony of Devora Gaus.]]></p>
        </scopecontent>
        <acqinfo encodinganalog="3.2.4">
          <p><![CDATA[submitted by: קאניוכאווסקי לייב]]></p>
        </acqinfo>
        <controlaccess>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="204">Escape to forests</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="538">Murder Sites</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="262">Hiding</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="261">Rescuers</subject>
          <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="1215">Partisans</subject>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Oniskis,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,&lt;&gt;,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Panosiskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
          <geogname>Troki,Wilno,Wilno,Poland</geogname>
          <geogname>Semeliskes,Trakai,&lt;&gt;,Lithuania</geogname>
        </controlaccess>
        <controlaccess>
          <genreform source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="687">Testimony</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
      </c01>
    </dsc>
    <controlaccess>
      <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="872">Jewish Communities</subject>
      <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="540">Mass murder</subject>
      <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="536">Murder of Jews</subject>
      <subject source="ehri_terms" authfilenumber="642">Persecution of Jews</subject>
    </controlaccess>
    <controlaccess>
      <persname source="ehri_pers" authfilenumber="000494">Leyb Koniuchowsky</persname>
    </controlaccess>
    <controlaccess>
      <geogname>Lithuania</geogname>
    </controlaccess>
  </archdesc>
</ead>